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172 SESSION III information using a qualitative approach in listening to perception of people in the study areas regarding obesity and health. The number of FGD conducted is as follows: 1. Indonesia—4 FGDs a) Professional and administrative group (Jogjkarta) b) Participants of Kartika Dewi Fitness Center (Jogjakarta) c) Junior High School students (Jogjakarta) d) Housewives (Manado) 2. Philippines—1 FGD a) Office workers (Manila) 1. Thailand—3 FGDs a) Academics and postgraduate students (Bangkok) b) Fishermen and village workers (Satun) c) Unemployed graduates (Pattani) FGD stem questions touched on issues of happinnes, peace, health, illness, obesity, fast food, and globalization. The responses that we got varied from groups, however the perception differed more between rural and urban groups than between countries. Urban participants of FGDs tend to be more familiar with fast food and globalization than rural participants. The main responses to the FGD questions are summed up in Table 35. DISCUSSION Currently obesity is increasing at rates of epidemic proportion across the world. Previously obesity was a public health issue of primarily the modern, industrialized world; however, overweight now affects children and adults of Southeast Asian countries with increase prevalence year by year. Despite the presence of undernutrition which in some countries still remained a serious threat to child health, the emergence of overweight in children left a double burden in terms of health consequences. Globalization of fast food has been one of the important factors that lead to consumption of foods which are calorie-dense; these include carbonated drinks that provide high calories. The role of globalization in this case is not just about movement of goods and people, but it’s also about movement of lifestyles and ideas. (Navarro, 2005) What the world is witnessing today are changes in lifestyles, in nutritional and dietary patterns. Thus, the rise of obesity and overweight is not an isolated or medically-based phenomenon, but in itself the means and ends of the globalizing processes. Dietary changes are part of the globalization and culture equation, where Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows cross cultural borrowing and mimicry is for example manifested as activities in the fast food restaurant. Cultural hegemony of fast food is what Benjamin Barber called McWorld. (Barber, 1995) Globalization, which is at the same time Westernization and Americanization spread to other cultures as through trade and entertainment in the guise of spreading and providing diversity. But to some culture McWorld appeared as an aggressive, secularist, materialist attack on authentic values and what they care most for their family and children. The results of the survey in that were carried out in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand show a common trend regarding the perception of people in relation to health, dietary practices and obesity. Even though more than 60 percent of the respondents perceived themselves as healthy or very healthy, however, 90% said they plan to lose weight, which means that although they are overweight still some of them considered themselves as healthy (Table 10). A quarter of the respondents had spouses who were overweight or obese. Thus considering the respondent’s population are already a group of overweight people, about two third of them have spouses who have normal weight. It is interesting to note also that a high percentage (29.5%) of respondents perceived that obesity symbolizes as being happy, which also reflect that it’s alright to be obese, only happy people have good appetite. While a substantial proportion perceived obese people as those who lack self-control (16.2%), lack of control here can mean inability to resist food and eating temptation or people who lack overall self-discipline. Another group of respondents perceived obese people as being ill or sick (15.9%). This can be the result of imbalances in body metabolism or an indulgence in consumption of food. Thin people symbolized they are those who feared or resisted eating (25.4%) and those who are weak (25.1%). They are also perceived as people who are not happy (15.1%), thus refused to eat or lacking in appetite. In terms of placing their priority in life, the greatest proportion chose physical health as the number (30.2%) one priority, being happy or self-contented is the second priority (22.1%), and the third priority is having a happy family (20.0%), and the fourth placing is being rich (12.8%). This results show the close relationship between being healthy and being happy, including having a happy family. What is the perception of beauty? A beautiful woman is judged on her behavior or character (46.6%) as the
CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH Table 35: Major theme and perceptions from FGDs. Theme Perceived ideas and responses Theme Perceived ideas and responses Happy & Peaceful Life Live in peace Plan executed Security, freedom from fear Self actualization Good health Love for positive thinking Free life Awareness; self-consciousness; self-control Able to do anything without feeling guilty or worried What is Health? Feeling strong Fresh and cheerful A measure of human’s life—healthy or going to die There are various levels of health Cleanliness Physical health (e.g. no physical limitation); mental health (calm; think before you act) What is Illness? Weakness Interruption in melody of life Body or mental trauma Unable to do what normal human being can do Lack of something Harmful or dangerous environment Hospitalized Financial burden Everyone will face it What is Obesity? Fat guy Cholesterol Bad body shape Run slowly Always eating Can cause illness Bad health Big belly Double the normal size Overeating Obesity reflects or symbolizes what type of personality Number of obese people increased in the last few years? Lazy, Sumo wrester, Clumsy Sleepy and drowsy Big and slow, Pig Mental problem (lack of control) Sweating a lot Comparable to elephant Rich people More obese children now Less obese people now—slim consciousness More fat people, but at the same time more thin people (see diagram) More over-consumption now What is Fast Food? McDonald’s Order and get it quickly Ready to serve; precooked Spaghetti Fat and oily Fashionable in Thailand Attractive to teenagers Not a meal, but more as a snack Different definition from Western and Thai Poor nutrition food; high in cholesterol and fat Do you like Fast Food? Why and Why Not? How to solve obesity problem? Yes; easy, quick and tasty Occasionally for a change of taste Expensive 2x per month Localization of fast food Don’t know what to eat? Go for fast food 2x weekly They are not Thai food; tired of Thai food Reduce consumption Exercise Reduce weight Change of attitude Change routine or old habits Eat suitably Public policy, initiative to promote healthy lifestyle 173 What is globalization? Advantages People can imitate from other society No boundary Prosperity Improve means of communication, transportation Nearer, easier, faster One community; reduce space and distance Cross-cultural interaction New channel to express yourself and reach out Disadvantages Pollution No identity/loss of identity Lose uniqueness Less peace GMO/cloning Reduce human-to-human interaction Less patience due to faster communication Will exhaust national/natural resources Localization Slave of capitalist made of (production?) Dominated by big power Loss of local idea/ knowledge Ref lections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows
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Reflections on the
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CONTENTS About the Book v Acknowled
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ABOUT THE BOOK Reflections<
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THE CONTRIBUTORS (The information a
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University of the Philippines in th
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about social change. For example, S
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wars—the First World War and the
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It will not be easy but I believe t
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Before I conclude, allow me to offe
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highlighted in this Workshop’s fr
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INTRODUCTION Abdul Rahman Embong AG
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API Fellowships Program that the 4
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in Indonesia and their engagement w
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countries as a way of seeking empow
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HERITAGE, IDENTITY, CHANGE AND CONF
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problem developing with the relatio
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I have arrived at this point in my
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REFERENCES Bellwood, Peter S. 1985.
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PAST PERIPHERY: CURATION IN SOUTHEA
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co-location of art around the world
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arts and design and were not formal
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and cultural value can heighten the
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y boat from Bangkok. In this cultur
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in the gentrified district of Thong
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Supangkat, Jim. 1995. “Contempora
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in Bangkok and reassembled at the t
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In her article, “The Politics of
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legend is unlikely to achieve simil
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KHAW SIM BEE AND MODERN PHUKET In t
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French, British or Dutch, is less m
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More recently, a new interest in lo
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Books. pp. 89-126. Journal Articles
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of RCSD), Dr. Chainarong Sretthacha
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forestry departments and other tech
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Although most Southeast Asian gover
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of cultivated area, and population
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the drought. Since the early 1990s,
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In both Peninsular Malaysia and Sar
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Affairs under the Ministry of Home
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Community Forestry Program (CFP) wa
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in Thailand and the Philippines. Ma
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that joined the conflict; and (ii)
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level of 1%. In addition, since the
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participation in collective action,
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Thompson, M. and M. Warburton. 1985
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trol by Suharto. The approximately
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unit headed by General Prabowo, Suh
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Muhammadiyah bersama kekuatan socia
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who refuse to acknowledge the exist
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For the most part, respondents demo
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Islam Mengejar Ketertinggala. In jo
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ENGAGING MODERNITY: RELIGION, GENDE
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spiritual adaptation—gradual, hig
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But underlying all his views—KH G
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women demand for divorce, they woul
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father tried to convince her to rev
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Happy Birthday, dear Muhammad! SEKA
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cultural particularity cannot provi
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strengthened by Malaysia’s ethnic
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destined to build a civilisation of
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of capitalism has led to an increas
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Because living away from home and i
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leads them to concede that they may
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In Malaysia, on the other hand, the
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hierarchy has not hesitated to util
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almost 40 years ago—September 30,
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CLEARING THE SPACE: ART AS TRANSPOR
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that we can see more clearly the ar
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women; violence against women is no
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Page 149 and 150: ALTERNATIVE SPACES IN INDONESIA The
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Page 159 and 160: containing advice and insights on f
Page 161 and 162: devoted his time to produce the fir
Page 163 and 164: Figure 2: The Structure of the Japa
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Page 173 and 174: y passion which was in fashion at t
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Page 189 and 190: CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH GLOB
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Page 193 and 194: Figure 3: Weight changes in Japanes
Page 195 and 196: collected using a questionnaire, in
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Page 203 and 204: REFERENCES Aekplakorn W., Chaiyapon
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Page 217 and 218: DESPERATELY SEEKING MARKETS If mark
Page 219 and 220: integrated circuits, industrial rob
Page 221 and 222: that JP’s privatized banking divi
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Page 225 and 226: instances where such individuals ha
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Page 235 and 236: CHANGING LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH RESE
Page 237 and 238: The indexers extracted the importan
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Page 241 and 242: Figure 3: The list of 21 researcher
Page 243 and 244: E. F. 1. Regulation of export; and
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key issue for Japan is that there i
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Japanese government revised its mar
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Unlike New Komeito which has been b
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(2) type of Article 9 revision; and
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These results depict the tenacity o
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has manifested unilateralist tenden
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Midford, Paul. 2003. “Japan’s R
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“Poll shows fears of war at highe
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THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBALIZ
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and Sri Lanka. Then, the Greater Me
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Table 2: Thailand Trade Value of Ag
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Thailand has been the most intensiv
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In according to the presence of goo
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In case of the losers from FTAs, th
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13 At these years, the world econom
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Nipon Poapongsakorn, Martin Ruhs, S
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RESULTS The Indonesia Railway The w
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Noise Table 1: Results of noise mea
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Maintenance and improvement of reli
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signal to allow the train to procee
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The results of Yamanashi Maglev Tes
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1980. Recently, research focus on e
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comprehensive ones to short-term po
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FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The author s
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politicians made the first moves, a
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Compliance Certificate issued by th
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Tubay’s JCADI has its own busines
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the majority political positions in
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280 SESSION IV McCoy, Alfred W. (ed
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282 SESSION IV Table 3: Profiles of
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Table 6: Summary of Case Studies. 2
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286 SESSION IV GENE REVOLUTION AND
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288 SESSION IV During the introduct
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290 SESSION IV state arm to provide
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292 SESSION IV The reason he chose
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294 SESSION IV of RRCanola but he g
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296 SESSION IV should understand th
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298 SESSION IV (Kanniah, 2004). 29
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300 SESSION V EMPOWERING THE URBAN
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302 SESSION V after the Marcos admi
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304 SESSION V Table 2: List of Part
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306 SESSION V a primitive community
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308 SESSION V THE HOMELESS IN THE M
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310 SESSION V Tokyo and Yokohama, b
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312 SESSION V station, Nanba, Nippo
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314 SESSION V Local administrations
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316 SESSION V alternatives. That ma
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318 SESSION V some conclusions coul
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320 SESSION V the children), 15. Th
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322 SESSION V unemployed daily work
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324 SESSION V no common activities
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326 SESSION V Yoseba and Disemploym
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328 SESSION V receive the seikatsu
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330 SESSION V is still a question w
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332 SESSION V can exemplify the rea
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334 SESSION V land and expropriatio
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336 SESSION V JAPANESE AND MALAYSIA
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338 SESSION V The new Child Welfare
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340 SESSION V while at the same tim
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342 SESSION V Chart 1: The Fluctuat
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344 SESSION V Picture 1.b Source: r
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346 SESSION V on education is more
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348 SESSION V REINTEGRATION PROGRAM
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350 SESSION V most migrants, partic
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352 SESSION V Table 3: Changes in t
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354 SESSION V 39 years old. However
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356 SESSION V restaurant entreprene
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358 SESSION V 50 and 59 years old 2
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360 SESSION V order to go work abro
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362 SESSION VI TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL A
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364 SESSION VI the third round had
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366 SESSION VI The Role of the Oppo
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368 SESSION VI peasants in land occ
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370 SESSION VI exposed to open tour
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372 SESSION VI While in Indonesia,
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374 SESSION VI the balance of power
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376 SESSION VI Table 1: Major Human
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378 SESSION VI Table 2: Regional De
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380 SESSION VI Non-docketed complai
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382 SESSION VI Barangay Captain Sol
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384 SESSION VI countries that forei
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386 SESSION VI Rights Education in
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388 SESSION VI by a facilitator. Gr
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390 SESSION VI The true nature of t
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392 SESSION VI Japanese economy is
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394 SESSION VI Table 2: Chronology
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396 SESSION VI Sept. 2000: Filed la
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398 SESSION VI politicians’ quali
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400 SESSION VI Table 5: Organizatio
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402 SESSION VI Table 6: Organizatio
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404 SESSION VI The All Japan Citize
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406 SESSION VI Freedom of informati
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408 SESSION VI for only four second
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410 SESSION VI DEVELOPMENT AND PROB
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412 SESSION VI of the news. Althoug
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414 SESSION VI Efendi Gazali, a mas
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416 SESSION VI Some say that the Ka
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418 SESSION VI Table 3: Indonesian
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420 SESSION VI are helpful in devel
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422 APPENDIX I WORKSHOP SCHEDULE Fo
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424 ASST. PROF. DR. ROSALIE B. ARCA
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426 APPENDIX III ABSTRACTS OF PAPER
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428 of such a challenge, the histor
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430 emergence of creativity and inn
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432 the legal conditions. It also p
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434 followed by I Nyoman Nurjaya fr
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436 Politics and Development in the
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438 of general comments were highli
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