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erT-erT determinantad yofniT. is garemoeba, rom religias, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes morwmuneTa SesakavSireblad konfliqturi situaciis dros, naklebad mimarTavdnen, dakavSirebulia sabWoTa aTeizmis 70 wlian batonobasTan, romelmac udaod SezRuda religiis roli yofili sabWoTa kavSiris yvela xalxis individualur da socialur cxovrebaSi. kavkasiis xalxebs Soris arsebuli mravalferovani urTierTobebidan romelma Seasrula gadamwyveti faqtoris roli, ramac gavlena iqonia movlenebze? Cven ukve aRvniSneT eTnikuri politikis mniSvneloba, romelic mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli gareSe mtris winaaRnmdeg darazmvasTan. kavkasiis xalxebs Soris urTierTobis ganmsazRvreli faqtoria ara religiaze dafuZnebuli civilizaciuri dayofa, aramed, ubralod, nacionalizmisa da nacionaluri interesebis kombinacia. 106
Nino Chikovani CULTURE AND RELIGION IN SOUTH CAUCASUS Summary Geographical settings and population. Caucasus represents a mosaic of cultures, confessions, ethnoses and languages. Its location and geographical environment were major determine factors of the way of life, interrelations and the history of the Caucasian peoples. Caucasus is populated by more than 50 different peoples. Caucasian mounteen was called a “mounteen of languages” by the Arab geographers. The Caucasus, throughout its history, has been a borderland. It has been an area over which empires have competed, in which cultures, civilizations and religions met. It has served both as bridge and barrier to contact between north and south, and between east and west. Its crucial geopolitical location has the mixed results: more often than not, the Caucasian peoples ‘lost rather than gained from their important geopolitical position’. The Caucasus has been one of the regions of the Eurasian continent most affected by what in the last decade has come to be called “the enw world disorder”. Together with formwer Yogoslavia, it is the area most gravely hit by ethnopolitical conflict and warfare. The South Caucasus is comparatively easy to map. It consists of three major peoples: the Azeris (6 million), Georgians (4 million) and Armenians (3,5 million in the Caucasus), as well as the number of less numerous peoples, some of which are indigenous. All the republics are multiethnic, although presently Armenia is developing towards a mono-ethnic state with over 95% Armenians. In Georgia the titular nationality comprises less than 70% of the population. The majority population itself, the Georgians or Kartvelians, compises several sub-groups such as Mingrelians and Svans. In Azrebaijan, the Azeri presently make up 83%. The North Caucasus presents a considerably more complicated population map. Its population is composed of several different groups of people. The first groupe are those which can be termed only as indigenous Caucasian peoples: the Vainakh peoples (composed of Chechens, Ingush and Tsova-Tush) and Dagestan peoples – Avars, lezgins, Dargins and Laks; Abkhaz and Circassian peoples (sub-divided somewhat artificially into Kabardins, Adyge and Cherkess).These people do not have an origin outside the Caucasus. The second group of peoples inhabiting the Caucasus are settlers of Turkic and Iranian origin.Ossetians and the Tats (Mountain Jews) are the only sizeable ethnic groups to claim Iranian origin. The Turkic people of the North Caucasus belong to the Kipchak family of languages, and consist of the Karachais ans Balkars (who are in fact one people speaking dialects of the same langiage) in the central North Caucasus, and the Kumyks and Nogais in Dagestan. The Caucasian peoples belong to the four langiage groups: Caucasian (or Paleocaucasian), Indoeuropean, Turkic and Semit. It is considered, that the people speaking Caucasian languages are indigenous, and others moved to Caucasus in different periods of history. Religions and ethnoses in the South Caucasus. Main confessions and their historical and territorial localization. Georgia is situated in the western part of the South Caucasus. The Black Sea formes a western border of Georgia, Turkey – the south-western border, Armenia borders with Georgia from the south-eastern part, and Azerbaijan – from the north-eastern one. State language – Georgian – belongs to the Kartvelian group of the Iberian-Caucasian languages. In Abkhazia, the Abkhazian language has a state language status too.The Georgian alphabet is one of the 14 original alphabets in the world, it consists of 33 letters. 107
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socialur mecnierebaTa seria religia
Page 3 and 4:
Sinaarsi kavkasiis geografiuli gare
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saqarTveloSi satitulo eri Seadgens
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megruli. rac Seexeba lazurs, igi me
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qristiani afxazebis gverdiT, ZiriTa
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TxuTmet weliwadSi sagrZnoblad Semci
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xSirad aralegalurad an naxevrad leg
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CrdiloeT kavkasias Soris, an damkvi
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qristianoba samxreT kavkasiaSi ramd
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mniSvnelovan trasaze: Tbilisi-aleqs
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Tu amgvar jgufebs Sinaarsobrivi Tva
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vahabizmis gaCena CrdiloeT kavkasia
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niSandoblivia, rom rusi mkvlevrebis
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CrdiloeTiT gaSlili sivrcis auTviseb
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varT, situaciiT, romelSic Cven vimy
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lebSi Tavsdeba civilizaciis gageba
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(damakavSirebeli) da 3. filtraciuli
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amac niadagi moamzada peruelTa evan
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SemakavSirebel samuSaos asruleben p
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om Seiqmnas sistemuri kavSiri konta
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lobiTi safuZvliT ganpirobebuli qcev
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kavkasiur civilizaciaze? am kiTxvaz
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gamo, erTmaneTTan ufro axlo da mWid
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us mkvlevarTa nawili mizanSewonilad
Page 49 and 50:
erTiani kavkasiis idea istoriul Wri
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jer ar mieRwia) da kulturuli eqspan
Page 53 and 54:
universitetis leqtori. yrilobas `pa
Page 55 and 56: Sovinisturi ideebiT aRtkinebuli axa
Page 57 and 58: ogorc andaza ambobs, rjulze umtkice
Page 59 and 60: Tia gamartivebuli, erTi SexedviT mk
Page 61 and 62: sebis kombinacia warmoadgens, da ar
Page 63 and 64: gaviTvaliswinebT im reJimebis musli
Page 65 and 66: samxreT kavkasiis xelsayreli geopol
Page 67 and 68: ogorc vxedavT, qarTvelebi Tavs gark
Page 69 and 70: saxelmwifo, magram Tavad ruseTis ku
Page 71 and 72: moSveliebiT saSualebas mogvcems, Tv
Page 73 and 74: civilizaciaTa konfliqtis prognozis
Page 75 and 76: kur sferoSi poulobs farTo gamoxmaur
Page 77 and 78: kulturologebs SeuZliaT, yvelaze avt
Page 79 and 80: gaCenam TviT dasavleTis sazogadoeba
Page 81 and 82: did rols asrulebs, vidre religiuri
Page 83 and 84: islamis faqtori Tavisi interesebisa
Page 85 and 86: erTmaneTs. naTelia, rom dRes islamu
Page 87 and 88: Tu tradicia? _ am kiTxvas noduSani
Page 89 and 90: eTnikur uTanxmoebaTa kompromisuli g
Page 91 and 92: `nativizaciis~ (“korenizacia”)
Page 93 and 94: cvladis roli xSirad gadaWarbebiT fa
Page 95 and 96: kavkasieli xalxebisaTvis, romelTa n
Page 97 and 98: daT 222 . aseTi viTarebidan erovnul
Page 99 and 100: mxars uWers rusi analitikosebis naw
Page 101 and 102: cxovroben, arsebobs gamokveTili rel
Page 103 and 104: xolo religia meore planzea gadaweul
Page 105: azerbaijanul umciresobaSi, SiSi aSS
Page 109 and 110: not part of any other Russian regio
Page 111 and 112: Along with language and through the
Page 113 and 114: discussing the issue of a single Ca
Page 115 and 116: Azerbaijan and Georgia, and quite o
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