kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
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identurobis miReba, sa<strong>da</strong>c is cxovrob<strong>da</strong>; fun<strong>da</strong>mentur doneze gamocalkeveba <strong>da</strong><br />
eTnikuri jgufis, tomis an <strong>da</strong>badebis adgilis identurobis arCeva; an iseTi<br />
zeerovnuli identurobis miReba, rogoricaa islami muslimi mosaxleobisaTvis.<br />
dRemde, rogorc Cans, umciresobaTa didi nawili winaRmdegia im respublikebis<br />
nacionaluri identurobis miRebisa, sa<strong>da</strong>c cxovrobs. zog SemTxvevaSi amas ufro<br />
rTuli <strong>for</strong>ma hqon<strong>da</strong>. magaliTad, ararealuri iqnebo<strong>da</strong> imis molodini, rom<br />
azerbaijanSi mcxovrebi somxebi uecrad azebaijanelebad igrZnobdnen Tavs. magram es<br />
ar mox<strong>da</strong> im SemTxvevebSic, roca gansxvaveba xalxebs Soris naklebad mniSvnelovnad<br />
SeiZleba mogveCvenos. magaliTad, lezgebi protests gamoTqvamen asimilaciis<br />
politikis winaaRmdeg, romlis safrTxesac azerebisagan grZnoben; megrelebma <strong>da</strong><br />
svanebma uecrad gaixsenes sakuTari gansxvavebuloba <strong>da</strong>narCeni qarTvelebisagan;<br />
CeCnebma <strong>da</strong> inguSebma, romlebic faqtobrivad erT xalxs warmoadgenen, ga<strong>da</strong>wyvites<br />
gancalkeveba. Tumca, savaraudod, am ukanasknel SemTxvevas ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d politikuri<br />
safuZveli hqon<strong>da</strong>, radgan inguSebi fiqrobdnen, rom ruseTis farglebSi yofna<br />
aucilebeli iyo sruli teritoriuli reabilitaciisa <strong>da</strong> 1943 wli<strong>da</strong>n CrdiloeT<br />
oseTis mmarTvelobis qveS arsebuli prigorodnis raionis <strong>da</strong>brunebisaTvis.<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, eri-saxelmwifos mSeneblobis (nation-building) procesi <strong>kavkasiis</strong> respublikebSi<br />
dRemde warumatebeli iyo. mTavrobebma ver SeZles gaeRvivebinaT umciresobebSi<br />
imis ganc<strong>da</strong>, rom isini saxelmwifos Semadgenel nawils warmoadgenen. es<br />
imiTac iyo ganpirobebuli, rom eTnikur konfliqtebi, romelic mTel regions moedo,<br />
umravles SemTxvevaSi win uswreb<strong>da</strong> sabWoTakavSiris <strong>da</strong>Slas. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, dezintegraciuli<br />
procesebi maSin <strong>da</strong>iwyo, rodesac jer kidev naadrevia saubari erisaxelmwifoebis<br />
mSeneblobis politikaze, romelic SemdgomSi respublikebSi sabWoTa<br />
identurobis rRvevisaken iyo mimarTuli.<br />
regionis axali politikuri struqturiT gamowveulma identurobis Ziebam<br />
mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia mSvidobaze regionSi. rogorc Ted gurma (Ted Gurr)<br />
aRniSna, arsebobs eTnikuri mobilizaciis ori winapiroba: Zlieri jgufuri<br />
identuroba <strong>da</strong> diskriminacia eTnikur safuZvelze 221 .<br />
<strong>kavkasiis</strong> erovnebebSi (nationalities) koleqtiuri (communal) identurobis gancdis<br />
gaRvivebam ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti roli iTamaSa eTnikuri mobilizaciis Ria konfliqtad<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>qcevaSi. eTnikur safuZvelze arsebuli Tu sabWoTa kavSirSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa<br />
sruli ugulebelyofiT gamowveuli diskriminaciis ganc<strong>da</strong> 1980-ian wlebze gacilebiT<br />
adre arsebob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> bevr adgilas droTa ganmavlobaSi Sesust<strong>da</strong>. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
1980-iani wlebis <strong>da</strong>sasruls umciresobaTa mzardi konfliqturi ganwyobis ZiriTadi<br />
mizezi ara diskriminacia, aramed jgufuri identurobis gancdis gamZafreba iyo. es<br />
viTareba SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vinaxoT kofliqtebis umravlesobaSi, romlebic meore msoflio<br />
omis Semdgom periodSi msoflioSi mZvinvareb<strong>da</strong>. umciresobebi miiswrafodnen maTi<br />
imJamindeli statusis ga<strong>da</strong>xedvisaken <strong>da</strong> gamoTqvamdnen pretenzias sakuTari<br />
respublikis arsebobis uflebaze.<br />
ram ganapiroba es pretenziebi? SesaZloa gaCeniliyo azri, rom avtoritaruli<br />
sabWoTa sistemis <strong>da</strong>Slis Semdeg Seqmnilma Tavisufalma atmosferom manamde arsebuli<br />
faruli pretenziebi ze<strong>da</strong>pirze amoativtiva. jer kidev aTi wlis win sabWoTa kavSirSi<br />
mcxovrebi muslimebis erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili mkvlevari aleqsandre benigseni<br />
(Alexandre Bennigsen) acxadeb<strong>da</strong>, rom, magaliTad, yaraCaelebsa <strong>da</strong> balyarebs ukiduresad<br />
susti erovnuli, magram Zlieri tomobrivi <strong>da</strong> lokaluri identurobis ganc<strong>da</strong> hqon-<br />
221 ix. Stephen Jones, “Georgia: A Failed Demotratic Tradition” Bremmer and Taras-is wignSi Nations and Politics in Soviet<br />
Successor States, pp. 288-310, p. 291.<br />
96
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