kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
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aaRorZina sufisturi mimdinareobani mTielebSi. reabilitaciis Sedegad<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>saxlebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>brunebul <strong>mosaxleoba</strong>s Tan kargad organizebuli, CrdiloeT<br />
<strong>kavkasiis</strong>Tvis ukve tradiciuli religiuri <strong>da</strong>jgufebebi mohyva 18 .<br />
maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, XIX saukuni<strong>da</strong>n moyolebuli, kavkasiaSi islami ori ordenis _<br />
nakSbandiis <strong>da</strong> kadiriis saxiT iyo warmodgenili. ordenis meTauri iyo ara mola,<br />
aramed amira an Seixi _ gvariTa <strong>da</strong> wodebiT im teritoriaze yvelaze asakovani <strong>da</strong><br />
avtoritetuli pirovneba, teipis uxucesi. es yvelaferi imdenad iyo Serwymuli<br />
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebul nacionalur vainaxur tradiciebTan <strong>da</strong> mTis<br />
a<strong>da</strong>T-wesebTan, rom garkvevac ki Znelia, sad mTavrdeba erovnuli <strong>da</strong> sad iwyeba<br />
religiuri.<br />
vahabizmis gamowveva. vahabizmi, sunituri islamis erT-erTi ganStoeba, XVIII<br />
saukunis Sua periodSi Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> arabeTis naxevarkunZulze, nejdis provinciaSi.<br />
misi fuZemdebelia ibn abd al-vahabi (1703-1792), romelmac gaixsena <strong>da</strong> ganaviTara<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebas micemuli XIV saukunis moRvawis _ ibn teibis ideebi. es ukanskneli<br />
qa<strong>da</strong>geb<strong>da</strong> pirveladi, muhamedisdroindeli islamisa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi sazogadoebrivi<br />
cxovrebis wesisaken, `uma_Temisaken~ <strong>da</strong>brunebas: yurani erTaderTi wmin<strong>da</strong> wignia <strong>da</strong><br />
WeSmaritma muslimma mxolod misi miTiTebebis Sesabamisad un<strong>da</strong> icxovros. vahabizmis<br />
ideologebi uaryofdnen wmin<strong>da</strong> adgilebsa <strong>da</strong> wmin<strong>da</strong>nebs _ maTi azriT, mxolod alahia<br />
Tayvaniscemis Rirsi. meore maTi moTxovna iyo ritualebis maqsimaluri gamartiveba,<br />
aseve sasuliero ierarqiis absoluturi gauqmeba. muslims un<strong>da</strong> ecxovra erTgvari<br />
komunis tipis sazogadoebaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c erTaderTi sasuliero piri iyo mola.<br />
vahabis moRvaweoba garkveulwilad <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia <strong>da</strong>mpyrobTa winaaRmdeg<br />
mimarTul erovnul moZraobasTan. Tumca <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi misi politikuri arsi iyo msxvil<br />
feo<strong>da</strong>lTa <strong>da</strong> vaWarTa interesebis <strong>da</strong>sacavad arabTa tomebisa <strong>da</strong> wvrili samTavroebis<br />
gaerTianeba, feo<strong>da</strong>luri anarqiisa <strong>da</strong> tomobrivi ganxeTqilebis mospoba. XIX saukunis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sawyisSi TiTqmis mTeli arabeTis naxevarkunZuli gaerTian<strong>da</strong> vahabitTa feo<strong>da</strong>lur<br />
saxelmwifod, romelic egviptelTa <strong>da</strong>pyrobis Semdeg (1811-1821 ww.) <strong>da</strong>iSala. 1821 w.<br />
vahabitebis saxelmwifo aRdga nejdis provinciis farglebSi <strong>da</strong> arsebob<strong>da</strong> XIX saukunis<br />
ukanasknel meoTxe<strong>da</strong>mde. XX saukunis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi vahabitebis saxelwifo isev aRsdga<br />
ibn-saudis mmarTvelobis periodSi (1880-1953 ww.). 1931 wli<strong>da</strong>n oficialurad<br />
wodebuli saudis arabeTis saxelmwifo religia vahabizmia. Tanamedrove arabeTSi<br />
arsebuli vahabizmi mSvenivrad Seerwya mmarTveli fenis ekonomikur interesebs<br />
regionSi, rac axlo aRmosavleTSi navTobisa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad gavlenis sferos<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebasTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli.<br />
vahabizmis ideebi gavrcel<strong>da</strong> indoeTSi, avRaneTSi, indoneziaSi <strong>da</strong> afrikis<br />
qveynebSi. Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom saudis arabeTis sazRvrebs gareT, gansakuTrebiT<br />
Sua aziaSi aRmocenebuli vahabituri seqtebi absoluturad sxva saxis movlenaa. am<br />
organizaciebma fexi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveynis yofil koloniebSi moikides, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
socialuri mdgomareoba ukiduresad mZime iyo.<br />
kavkasiaSi vahabizmis <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebaze saubrisas Znelia politikis sferosgan<br />
gamijvna. ingliseli politikuri mimomxilveli iaan sepi Cvens regionSi Seqmnili<br />
viTarebis Sefasebisas aRniSnavs, rom saqme politizebul islamTan gvaqvs. misi TqmiT,<br />
XX saukunis 30-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>nve vahabizmis ideiT gamudmebiT spekulireb<strong>da</strong><br />
komunisturi xelmZRvaneloba, romelic nebismieri saxis antisabWoTa moZraobas,<br />
romelic rame kavSirSi iyo mahmadianuri rwmenis matarebel <strong>mosaxleoba</strong>sTan,<br />
terorizmis, vahabizmisa <strong>da</strong> eqstremizmis gamovlinebad naTlav<strong>da</strong> 19 .<br />
18 iqve.<br />
19<br />
iqve, gv. 21.<br />
22
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