kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
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<strong>da</strong>T 222 . aseTi viTarebi<strong>da</strong>n erovnuli TviTgansazRvramde (self-determination) didi manZilia,<br />
romelic SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>Zleuliyo mxolod erTianobisa <strong>da</strong> jgufuri identurobis<br />
gamZafrebiT postsabWoTa epoqaSi. im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom kavkasiaSi ormoc<strong>da</strong>aTze<br />
meti sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva eTnikuri jgufi cxovrobs, cxadia, rom Tun<strong>da</strong>c mcirericxovani<br />
amgvari SemTxveva sabediswero iqneba regionSi mSvidobisa <strong>da</strong> stabilurobisaTvis.<br />
<strong>da</strong>Restnis respublikaSi, romlis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT ormilionian <strong>mosaxleoba</strong>Si<br />
oc<strong>da</strong>aTze meti eTno-lingvisturi jgufia, saxalxo frontebi gaCn<strong>da</strong> bevr Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
did erovnebaSi (nationality), romlebic cdilobdnen privilegiebisa <strong>da</strong> keTilganwyobis<br />
mopovebas mxolod sakuTari jgufisaTvis. amgvari, xSirad urTierTsawinaaRmdego<br />
miswrafebebi, bunebrivia, seriozul safrTxes warmoadgens <strong>da</strong> advilad SeuZlia iseTi<br />
sazogadoebis faqizi mravaleTnikuri balansis <strong>da</strong>rRveva, rogoric <strong>da</strong>Restania. amave<br />
dros, <strong>kavkasiis</strong> omgamovlili qveynebis mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareoba mxolod<br />
amZimebs am feTqebad viTarebas.<br />
Ria <strong>da</strong> faruli konfliqtebis marTvis TvalsazrisiT, identurobaTa polarizacia,<br />
romelzec zemoT iyo saubari, gansxvavebuli gamowvevaa. man ukiduresad mZafri <strong>for</strong>ma<br />
miiRo im konfliqtebSi, romlebic urTierTsiZulvilSi ga<strong>da</strong>izar<strong>da</strong>. Sesabamisad,<br />
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom konfliqtSi CarTuli xalxebis Zlieri jgufuri (communal)<br />
identurobis SesustebisaTvis xangrZlivi dro iqneba saWiro. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom<br />
mraval SemTxvevaSi konfliqtebis gavrcelebis saSiSroeba realurad arsebob<strong>da</strong>,<br />
<strong>kavkasiis</strong> yvela Ria konfliqti (mTiani yarabaRi, samxreT oseTi, afxazeTi, prigorodnis<br />
raioni <strong>da</strong> CeCneTi) SeCerebul iqna. es ar niSnavs, rom maT gavlena ar iqonies<br />
mezobel xalxebze. ufro piriqiT, kavkasiaSi arsebulma mudmivad arastabilurma<br />
viTarebam <strong>da</strong> faqtma, rom regioni savsea yvela saxis iaraRiT, mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo<br />
xeli eTnikuri mobilizaciis process <strong>da</strong> regionSi mcxovreb xalxebSi <strong>da</strong>ucvelobis<br />
SegrZnebs warmoSva. regionuli ekonomikis mZime mdgomareobam elementaruli saarsebo<br />
saSualebebis ukmarisoba ganapiroba; gaCn<strong>da</strong> saSiSroeba, rom mwiri resursebisaTvis<br />
brZola eTnikur jgufebs Soris <strong>da</strong>pirispirebis <strong>for</strong>mas miiReb<strong>da</strong>. aseTi saSiSroeba<br />
arsebob<strong>da</strong> ruseTis federaciaSi 1998 wlis ekonomikuri krizisis Semdeg, gamomdinare<br />
iqi<strong>da</strong>n, rom CrdiloeT <strong>kavkasiis</strong> respublikaTa umravlesobis Semosavlebi federaluri<br />
biujetis subsidiebzea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. regionuli gansxvaveba xSirad emTxveva<br />
eTnikur sazRvrebs; amasTan, gansxvavebani, romlebic, SeiZleba, arc iyos eTnikurad<br />
ganpirobebuli, xSirad swored aseTad aRiqmeba. Tu aseT SemTxvevaSi <strong>mosaxleoba</strong> ukve<br />
mobilizebulia Zlieri koleqtiuri identurobiT, eTnikuri konfliqti realur<br />
saSiSroebad iqceva.<br />
sxva mTavari faqtori, romelic SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>gvexmaros <strong>kavkasiis</strong> konfliqtebis<br />
arsis garkvevaSi <strong>da</strong> romelzec miuTiTebs, magaliTad, neil makfarleini (Neil<br />
MacFarlane), aris sruqturuli arastabiluroba. makfarleinis sityvebiT, sisuste<br />
saerTo <strong>da</strong> yvelaze TvalSisacemi maxsiaTebelia im saxelmwifoebisTvis, romlebic<br />
qmnian <strong>kavkasiis</strong> regionul sistemas. gar<strong>da</strong> sabWoTa teritoriuli <strong>da</strong>yofis<br />
memkvidreobisa, mkvlevari asaxelebs sxva mniSvnelovan faqtorebs, romlebic<br />
ganapirobeben politikur arastabilurobas <strong>kavkasiis</strong> qveynebSi. pirveli _ esaa<br />
sabWoTa memkvidreoba. sabWouri avtonomiisa <strong>da</strong> saerTod saxelmwifo struqturis<br />
arsebobis Sedegebis gar<strong>da</strong>, sabWoTa epoqam Sedegad moitana <strong>mosaxleoba</strong>s gaucxoeba<br />
Tanamonawileobis politikisagan, ufro metic, gaaRrmava undobloba saxelmwifos,<br />
xelisuflebis <strong>da</strong> institutebis mimarT, romlebic respublikebs marTavdnen.<br />
222 ix.Darrell Slider, “Crisis and Responce in Soviet Nationality Policy: The Case of Abkhazia”, Central Asian Survay, vol. 4, no. 4,<br />
1985, pp.51-68.<br />
97
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