kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
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kulturasTan mimarTebaSi. SemdgomSi didi yuradReba eqceo<strong>da</strong> marginaluri subkulturebis<br />
(eTnikuri, konfesiuri <strong>da</strong> sxv.) Seswavlas.<br />
evropul literaturaSi termin `marginaluris~ gamoyeneba XX s. 60-70-iani<br />
wlebi<strong>da</strong>n iwyeba. aq igi ramdenadme sxva <strong>da</strong>tvirTvas iZens, misi semantika laTinur<br />
sityvas marginalis (ganapira, kideze mdebare) ukavSirdeba, romelic aRniSnav<strong>da</strong><br />
SeniSvnebs an naxatebs wignis mindvrebze 63 . Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan termini gasc<strong>da</strong> sociologiisa <strong>da</strong><br />
literaturaTmcodneobis farglebs <strong>da</strong> kulturologiuri mniSvneloba SeiZina.<br />
dReisaTvis samecniero literaturaSi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba `marginaluri<br />
kulturis~ cneba, Tumca misi Sinaarsi mkafiod gansazRvruli ar aris. xSirad mas<br />
ganixilaven marginaluri individis an subkulturis analogiiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi<br />
termini negatiur <strong>da</strong>tvirTvas iZens; aqcenti keTdeba marginaluri kulturis<br />
`gaorebul~, `kulturaTSoris~ xasiaTze, kulturuli TviTidentifikaciis procesis<br />
sirTuleze, TviTSemecnebis mTlianobis <strong>da</strong>rRvevaze, aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, Sinagan<br />
diskom<strong>for</strong>tsa <strong>da</strong> mis Sesabamis qcevis <strong>for</strong>mebze, faseulobiT <strong>da</strong> normatul ambivalenturobaze,<br />
struqturul maxasiaTebelTa ekleqturobaze. marginaluroba miiCneva<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>maval mdgomareobad kulturisaTvis, romelic mTavrdeba kulturuli saxis<br />
gamokveTiTa <strong>da</strong> kulturuli TviTidentifikaciis problemis ga<strong>da</strong>WriT, Tumca arsebobs<br />
sxvagvari Tvalsazrisic. marginaloba gaiazreba ara ama Tu im jgufis<br />
`fiqsirebul~ maxasiaTeblad, aramed urTierTobaTa garkveul tipad, romelic gulisxmobs<br />
gansazRvrul <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas ama Tu im kulturis faseulobebisadmi 64 .<br />
`marginaluri kulturis~ cneba gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa civilizaciaTa mijnebze<br />
mcxovrebi xalxebisa <strong>da</strong> qveynebisaTvis, romlebic calsaxad ver gansazRvraven<br />
TavianT civilizaciur kuTvnilebas <strong>da</strong> romelTa kulturis saxis aRsaniSnavad<br />
gamoiyeneba, agreTve, `ganapirulobis~, `periferiulobisa~ <strong>da</strong> sxva cnebebi.<br />
mkvlevarTa nawili miiCnevs, rom `sasazRvro~, `periferiuli~, `marginaluri~ kulturis<br />
nacvlad, umjobesia gamoviyenoT termini `ganapira~ kultura, radgan igi, jer<br />
erTi, moklebulia SefasebiT <strong>da</strong>tvirTvas, meore, moicavs yvela zemoT naxseneb<br />
gansazRvrebas, <strong>da</strong> bolos, orientirebulia `ganapira~ kulturis kavSirze mis warmom-<br />
Sob kulturasTan, aqcents akeTebs maTi erTobis momentze 65 .<br />
`ganapiruloba~ ar <strong>da</strong>iyvaneba mxolod sivrciT-geografiul faqtorze; es<br />
kulturologiuri cnebaa <strong>da</strong> miuTiTebs mocemuli regionis kulturul specifikaze.<br />
`ganapiruloba~ gulisxmobs cvlilebebsa <strong>da</strong> trans<strong>for</strong>maciebs `didi~ kulturis<br />
sistemis farglebSi. iqmneba kulturis elementTa axali kombinaciebi, axali aqcentebi,<br />
icvleba elementTa urTierTqmedebis <strong>for</strong>mebi; raRac aqtualizdeba, raRac ukana<br />
planze ga<strong>da</strong>dis, magram yvelaferi es xdeba `didi~ kulturis principebis, kanonzomierebaTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> tendenciaTa CarCoebSi.<br />
a.j.toinbiT <strong>da</strong>wyebuli _ dRemde, mkvlevrebi araerTxel aRniSnavdnen, rom<br />
zogjer, kulturis/civilizaciis mTeli sistemis krizisis dros, SeiZleba, `ganapira~<br />
tipis kulturam ufro mkafiod gamoxatos am sistemis arsi, kanonzomierebani <strong>da</strong><br />
tendenciebi, vidre `birTvma~, centrma. `didi~ kulturebis istoriis krizisul periodebSi<br />
misma centrebma SeiZleba `ganapiras~ ga<strong>da</strong>inacvlos. i.brodski erT-erT<br />
statiaSi wer<strong>da</strong>: ramdena<strong>da</strong>c civilizaciebi sasrulia, yoveli maTganis cxovrebaSi<br />
dgeba momenti, roca centri `veRar iWers~, veRar asrulebs SemakavSireblis, gamaer-<br />
Tianeblis rols; ase <strong>da</strong>emarTa roms, ufro adre — elinistur saberZneTs. aseT epoqebSi<br />
63 Шапинский В.А. Культурная маргинальность как социально-философская проблема. Автореф. диссерт. на соискание<br />
ученой степени канд.филос.наук. М., 1990, с.3.<br />
64<br />
iqve, gv.7.<br />
65 Субичус Б.Ю. Иберо-Америка в мировом цивилизационном процессе. - В журн.: Латинская Америка, М., 1999, № 7-8,<br />
с.139.<br />
36
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