kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
kavkasiis geografiuli garemo da mosaxleoba - Center for Social ...
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niSandoblivia, rom rusi mkvlevrebis azriT, kavkasia, sityvis farTo gagebiT,<br />
moicavs ara mxolod amierkavkasiasa <strong>da</strong> CrdiloeT kavkasias, aramed <strong>kavkasiis</strong> stepur<br />
mTiswineTsac (Предкавказье), romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis stavropolisa <strong>da</strong><br />
krasno<strong>da</strong>ris mxareebi <strong>da</strong> rostovis olqi. mkvlevarTa meore nawili, gamodis ra<br />
eTnodemografiuli kriteriumi<strong>da</strong>n, kavkasias im teritoriiT SemosazRvravs, romelic<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxlebulia mkvidri mTieli mosaxleobiT. isini Предкавказье-s, zogjer ki masTan<br />
erTad volgogradisa <strong>da</strong> astraxanis olqebs, agreTve yalmuxeTs, samxreT ruseTis<br />
regions uwodeben. maTi azriT, es, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, gar<strong>da</strong>mavali zonaa,<br />
romelic raRac niSnebiT ruseTs, raRaciT ki CrdiloeT kavkasias emsgavseba.<br />
migraciulma procesebma, romlebic mravali Taobis manZilze mimdinareob<strong>da</strong><br />
CrdiloeTsa <strong>da</strong> samxreTs Soris, Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT Znelad gansasazRvri <strong>da</strong> pirobiTi<br />
gaxa<strong>da</strong> sazRvari Предкавказье-sa <strong>da</strong> CrdiloeT kavkasias Soris. es ukanaskneli, Tavis<br />
mxriv, warmoadgens <strong>da</strong>makavSirebel rgols amierkavkasiasa <strong>da</strong> Предкавказье-s Soris 23 .<br />
termini `transkavkasia~ (amierkavkasia) rusuli `zakavkazie”-<strong>da</strong>n modis <strong>da</strong> niSnavs<br />
kavkasionis qeds miRma arsebuls, anu swored ruseTis xedvas asaxavs. dRes farTod<br />
gamoiyeneba ufro neitraluri termini — samxreT kavkasia. politikurad igi moicavs<br />
sam <strong>da</strong>moukidebel saxelmwifos — somxeTs, azerbaijans <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos.<br />
Tanamedrove geopolitikuri realobis amsaxveli kidev erTi warmodgeniT,<br />
<strong>kavkasiis</strong> socialur-ekonomikuri sivrce moicavs CrdiloeT, centralur <strong>da</strong> samxreT<br />
nawilebs. Tu tradiciuli midgomis Tanaxmad, mocemul regionSi Sedis mxolod<br />
postsabWoTa teritoriebi (CrdiloeT kavkasia — avtonomiuri saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
warmonaqmnebi — <strong>da</strong> amierkavkasia — azerbaijani, saqarTvelo <strong>da</strong> somxeTi), am<br />
warmodgenis Tanaxmad, masSi eqceva iranis Crdilo-<strong>da</strong>savleTi olqebi — samxreTaRmosavleTi<br />
kavkasia _ <strong>da</strong> TurqeTis Crdilo-aRmosavleTi olqebi (yarsi, ar<strong>da</strong>gani,<br />
arTvini <strong>da</strong> sxv.) _ samxreT-<strong>da</strong>savleTi kavkasia. es imiTaa motivirebuli, rom mravali<br />
saukunis manZilze, ruseTis mier <strong>kavkasiis</strong> <strong>da</strong>pyrobamde, es miwebi erTian socialekonomikur<br />
<strong>da</strong> eTnokulturul sivrces Sedgendnen, sa<strong>da</strong>c dResac cxovroben<br />
kavkasieli xalxebi. samxreT-<strong>da</strong>savleTi kavkasia (TurqeTi) <strong>da</strong> samxreT-aRmosavleT<br />
kavkasia (irani) erTad Seadgenen samxreT kavkasias 24 .<br />
dRevandeli politikuri rukis Tanaxmad, <strong>kavkasiis</strong> regioni moicavs sam<br />
saxelmwifos — somxeTs, azerbaijans <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos — <strong>da</strong> mesame saxelmwifos nawils,<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c Crd. kavkasia ruseTis federaciis nawilia. CrdiloeT <strong>kavkasiis</strong><br />
teritoriuli erTeulebia (<strong>da</strong>savleTi<strong>da</strong>n aRmosavleTisaken): adiRe, yaraCa-CerqezeTi,<br />
yabardo-balyareTi, CrdiloeT oseTi, inguSeTi, CeCneTi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>Restani. aRsaniSnavia,<br />
rom afxazebi <strong>da</strong> samxreT osebi, romlebsac aqvT administraciuli erTeulebi<br />
saqarTvelos farglebSi, eTnikurad Crdilokavkasiel xalxebs enaTesavebian.<br />
mravali aswleulis ganmavlobaSi yvela kavkasieli xalxi<strong>da</strong>n mxolod qarTvelebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> somxebs hqon<strong>da</strong>T met-naklebad mkafiod gacnobierebuli eTnonacionaluri<br />
identuroba. Sua saukuneebSi <strong>da</strong> Semdegac eTnikur wamonaqmnebs Soris ar arsebob<strong>da</strong><br />
myari <strong>da</strong> mtkice kavSirebi, romlebic maT didi xniT gaaerTianeb<strong>da</strong>. aseTi<br />
warmonaqmnebis wevrebs hqon<strong>da</strong>T saerTo saxelwodeba, saerTo miTi warmoSobis, saerTo<br />
istoriisa <strong>da</strong> specifikuri kulturis Sesaxeb. maT hqon<strong>da</strong>T, agreTve, soli<strong>da</strong>robis<br />
grZnoba, oRond arasaxelmwifo-politikuri TvalsazrisiT (sityvis Tanamedrove<br />
gagebiT). magaliTad, Sua saukuneebis qarTvelebisa <strong>da</strong> somxebisaTvis identuroba,<br />
pirvel rigSi, religiuri terminebiT gamoixatebo<strong>da</strong>. aq sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom<br />
23 Гаджиев К.С. Геополитика Кавказа. М.: Международные отношения, c.44-45.<br />
24<br />
Исмаилов Э., Полухов Э. Противостояние «старых» и «новых» игроков на политической карте Кавказа. – В журн.:<br />
Центральная Азия и Кавказ. 2004, № 4 (34), c.48.<br />
25
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