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Diabetes mellitus ve komplikasyonlarının tanı,tedavi ve izlem ...

Diabetes mellitus ve komplikasyonlarının tanı,tedavi ve izlem ...

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6. Kronik böbrek hastal›¤› bulunmayan <strong>ve</strong> UAE normal olan diyabetli kiflilerde<br />

izole sistolik HT <strong>tedavi</strong>si için:<br />

ACE-‹ [S›n›f B, Düzey 2 kan›t (6)]<br />

ARB [S›n›f B, Düzey 2 kan›t (7)]<br />

Tiyazid grubu diüretik [S›n›f B, Düzey 2 kan›t (8,14)] <strong>ve</strong>ya<br />

Alternatif olarak uzun etkili DKKB [S›n›f C, Düzey 3 kan›t (15)] kullan›labilir.<br />

7. HT olan diyabetli kiflilerin HT <strong>tedavi</strong>sinde -blokerler birinci basamak <strong>tedavi</strong><br />

ajan› olarak önerilmemektedir [S›n›f A, Düzey 1A kan›t (16)].<br />

KAYNAKLAR<br />

1. Adler AI, Stratton IM, Neil HA, et al. Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular<br />

complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospecti<strong>ve</strong> observational study. BMJ 2000;321:412-19.<br />

2. Orchard TJ, Forrest KY, Kuller LH, et al; Pittsburgh Epidemiology of <strong>Diabetes</strong> Complications Study. Lipid and blood pressure<br />

treatment goals for type 1 diabetes: 10-year incidence data from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of <strong>Diabetes</strong> Complications<br />

Study. <strong>Diabetes</strong> Care 2001;24:1053-9.<br />

3. Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Esler A, et al. Effects of aggressi<strong>ve</strong> blood pressure control in normotensi<strong>ve</strong> type 2 diabetic patients<br />

on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. Kidney Int 2002;61:1086-97.<br />

4. Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, et al. Effects of intensi<strong>ve</strong> blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients<br />

with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group.<br />

Lancet 1998;351:1755-62.<br />

5. UK Prospecti<strong>ve</strong> <strong>Diabetes</strong> Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications<br />

in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 1998;317:703-13.<br />

6. Heart Outcomes Pre<strong>ve</strong>ntion Evaluation Study In<strong>ve</strong>stigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes<br />

in people with diabetes <strong>mellitus</strong>: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000;355:253-9.<br />

7. Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlof B, et al; LIFE Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes<br />

in the Losartan Inter<strong>ve</strong>ntion For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet<br />

2002;359:1004-10.<br />

8. Whelton PK, Barzilay J, Cushman WC, et al; ALLHAT Collaborati<strong>ve</strong> Research Group. Clinical outcomes in antihypertensi<strong>ve</strong><br />

treatment of type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose concentration, and normoglycemia: Antihypertensi<strong>ve</strong> and Lipid-<br />

Lowering Treatment to Pre<strong>ve</strong>nt Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1401-9.<br />

9. Bakris GL, Gaxiola E, Messerli FH, et al; INVEST In<strong>ve</strong>stigators. Clinical outcomes in the diabetes cohort of the INternational<br />

VErapamil SR-Trandolapril study. Hypertension 2004;44:637-42.<br />

10. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, et al. The effect of angiotensin con<strong>ve</strong>rting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The<br />

Collaborati<strong>ve</strong> Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1456-62.<br />

11. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al; Collaborati<strong>ve</strong> Study Group. Renoprotecti<strong>ve</strong> effect of the angiotensin-receptor<br />

antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001;345:851-60.<br />

12. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al; RENAAL Study In<strong>ve</strong>stigators. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular<br />

outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001;345:861-9.<br />

13. The ACE Inhibitors in Diabetic Nephropathy Trialist Group. Should all patients with type 1 diabetes <strong>mellitus</strong> and<br />

microalbuminuria recei<strong>ve</strong> angiotensin-con<strong>ve</strong>rting enzyme inhibitors? A meta-analysis of individual patient data. Ann Intern<br />

Med 2001;134:370-9.<br />

14. Curb JD, Pressel SL, Cutler JA, et al. Effect of diuretic-based antihypertensi<strong>ve</strong> treatment on cardiovascular disease risk<br />

in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program Cooperati<strong>ve</strong><br />

Research Group. JAMA 1996;276:1886-92.<br />

15. Tuomilehto J, Rastenyte D, Birkenhager WH, et al. Effects of calcium-channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and<br />

systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial In<strong>ve</strong>stigators. N Engl J Med 1999;340:677-84.<br />

16. ALLHAT Collaborati<strong>ve</strong> Research Group. Major cardiovascular e<strong>ve</strong>nts in hypertensi<strong>ve</strong> patients randomized to doxazosin vs<br />

chlorthalidone: the antihypertensi<strong>ve</strong> and lipid-lowering treatment to pre<strong>ve</strong>nt heart attack trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2000;283:1967-75.<br />

162 | DİABETES MELLİTUS VE KOMPLİKASYONLARININ TANI, TEDAVİ VE İZLEM KILAVUZU

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