Bausteine - Referate - Jana Milosovicova - Urban Design English

all common destinations whereas the Assessment
Matrix differentiates “daily needed goods,”
social infrastructure and cultural offerings. For
higher level goods and services, the Assessment
Matrix evaluates the distance to a neighborhood
center, which implies the presence of multiple
retail and service businesses, good transit
connections to the region and the “urbanness”
that characterizes a city area.
Transit
LEED-ND gives credit for the number of transit
rides provided on a weekday within a quarterto
a half-mile (400-800 meter) walking distance,
depending on the type of transit. To earn the
minimum two points there must be at least 20
rides on a weekday; for the maximum seven
points there must be 500 or more rides. With
a higher weight of 7.5 percent, the Assessment
Matrix grades public transit by its competitiveness
with auto travel and considers the following
factors: type of transit, frequency, proximity to
the station or stop, other stops along the line(s)
and regional connections.
The standard for public transit was one of the
most contentious in the development of the
Assessment Matrix. The original standard was a
high score for a location within 200 meters (1/8
mile) of an S-Bahn or U-Bahn (heavy rail) station,
with lower scores for increased distance or
a lesser form of transit such as a tram, followed
by a bus. The lowest score was given if public
transport did not exist within 1000 meters
(5/8 mile). This standard is reflective of transit
service in Berlin; however it was modified to accommodate
smaller cities and towns where the
need for public transport is smaller. The resulting
standard is vaguer, but it takes into account
more factors that contribute to transit quality
than the LEED-ND standard.
The transit standard listed above can be substituted
by lower vehicle miles traveled in the project
area. This is based on average vehicle miles
traveled in the metropolitan area, awarding two
to seven points for every 10 percentage points
the project area is lower than the metropolitan
area. Another LEED-ND credit is for creating a
Transportation Demand Management Program,
which may include solutions such as charging
tolls or encouraging alternate work hours. This
credit may also be achieved by providing subsidized
transit passes or by providing transit
service to destinations such as a commuter rail
station or a shopping center.
Bicycles
LEED-ND provides a point for a bicycle network
of at least 3 miles (4800 meters) which
goes to at least four diverse uses and for offering
bicycle parking. In the Assessment Matrix,
a good score is achieved when bicycles are accommodated
with an appropriate ground surface,
connections between neighborhoods, safe
traffic conditions and destinations along the way,
and a poor score as these conditions decline.
Access to Jobs
The Jobs and Housing Balance credit in LEED-
ND provides three points for either locating a
project that includes new housing within a ½
mile (800 meter) walk of existing jobs or locating
new jobs on an infill location within a
½ mile (800 meter) walk of a transit station
and existing housing. Although the intent of
this credit is important, access to the regional
job market via transit in only considered when
creating new jobs. Additionally, the possibility of
creating both new jobs and housing within walking
distance is not considered.
Reduction of Auto Travel
Reduced auto travel is only considered by LEED-
ND, an option created for cities without transit.
Access to Daily Needed Goods
LEED-ND gives credit to projects that offer “diverse
uses” within a ½ mile (800 meter) walk
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