Bausteine - Referate - Jana Milosovicova - Urban Design English

of seven points in LEED-ND.
Design and Walkability
LEED-ND criteria for walkable design include
providing building entries on a street, square
or park (not on a parking lot), creating at least
a 1:3 building height-to-street-width ratio and
providing continuous sidewalks. After meeting
the first set of criteria worth four points, an additional
four points can be earned for additional
elements. These elements include: buildings located
near the property line (within 0-25 feet
or 0-8 meters), frequent building entries, limited
blank walls along the street, ground floor retail,
street parking and street trees. Another credit
for is awarded for locating parking alongside or
behind a building and not in front between the
building and the street.
LEED-ND also considers street density and connectivity.
Points are given for the street network
density within the project, as measured by street
centerline miles per square mile. An additional
credit is achieved for building a through-street
every 800 feet (250 meters) along the project
boundary, although exceptions are made for
natural features such as water or streams and
infrastructure such as highways or railroads.
4. Conservation and Restoration
of the Environment
The Conservation and Restoration of the Environment
category addresses impervious surfaces,
stormwater management, groundwater
quality, water bodies and habitat protection. The
main goals are reducing and cleaning stormwater
runoff, protecting habitat areas and limiting
site disturbance.
Water
For impervious surface and stormwater treatment,
LEED-ND calls for all stormwater to be
infiltrated, reused or evapotranspirated for either
90 percent of the average annual rainfall or
1 inch (2.5 cm) of rainfall. Up to five points are
awarded for the percentage of impervious surface
treated in this manner. Rainwater absorption
is given a high weight of 7 percent in the
Assessment Matrix. The best score is given to
projects if the amount of rainwater absorbed
by the ground increases and filters pollutants in
the process; the score declines as the amount of
rainwater absorbed decreases. The Assessment
Matrix measures the amount of impervious surface
change, giving the best scores if there is no
impervious surface change and worse scores if
impervious surfaces increase. This reinforces a
site selection of previously developed locations
which have higher amounts of impervious surface.
An areas with water bodies and wetlands, LEED-
ND requires a minimal impact on the 100
foot (30 meter) buffer around them. Another
LEED-ND prerequisite is to either not build in
a floodplain or if the area is previously developed,
to follow federal recommended standards
for floodplain development. LEED-ND also
provides credits for water body and wetland
conservation, restoration and management;
however these credits can be earned either for
water bodies and wetlands or for habitat (and
are described below with Habitat). For surface
water quality in the Assessment Matrix, the best
score is achieved if water bodies in the area are
improved; poor scores are given if water bodies
become more impaired as a result of the plan.
Habitat
LEED-ND also offers points for the conservation,
restoration and management of either water
or habitat areas. Conservation efforts need
to include all important natural habitats that
can be identified (or alternately, all water bodies,
wetlands and a 100 foot (30 meter) buffer). Restoration
effects of these predevelopment conditions
need to be 10 percent of the development
footprint to achieve the credit. In addition
to creating a management plan, it also needs to
be funded for 10 years to reach the credit. The
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