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y Hubbard, then this is evidence that Mono NC sequences should be interpreted as
single segments rather than N + C clusters.
Table 8.2: Closure duration of prenasalized stops in Mono (Speaker K). Tokens taken
from cons2_11025.wav. Time is in seconds.
Plain stops Prenasalized stops
aba2a 0.152 amba2a 0.177
aba2b 0.174 amba2b 0.204
aba2c 0.150 amba2c 0.175
ada2a 0.129 anda2a 0.141
ada2b 0.128 anda2b 0.135
ada2c 0.117 anda2c 0.123
aga2a 0.139 anga2a 0.157
aga2b 0.143 anga2b 0.135
aga2c 0.138 anga2c 0.133
agba2a 0.171 angba2a 0.176
agba2b 0.152 angba2b 0.187
agba2c 0.166 angba2c 0.169
8.2 Vowels
8.2.1 Vowel space
Mean 0.147 0.159
SD 0.0172 0.0246
In this section, I examine the acoustic properties of the Mono vowel space. Since
even within its own language family the Mono vowel system is typologically rare due to
the lack of a front lower mid vowel -, it is important to document its acoustic
characteristics in more detail.
Since Peterson and Barney (1952), vowels have typically been plotted according
to their first two formants (or resonances), F1 and F2. Others have modified this basic
classification for a variety of reasons. Ladefoged (1982) suggests charting F1 vs. F2 – F1
because “There is a better correlation between the degree of backness and the distance
between the first two formants.” (p. 179). Liljencrants & Lindblom (1972) and Fant
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