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Figures 8.40 and 8.41 show spectrograms of the words > > > > ‘tobacco’ and ( ( ( (
‘hippo’, respectively. In Figure 8.40, F3 is visible for both vowels at about 2400 Hz, its
typical value for . In Figure 8.41, however, a couple of changes can be noted. First, in
the initial vowel, F3 has dropped to a value of about 2250 Hz, perhaps due to the
influence of the nasal formant. In the second vowel, F3 is not distinguishable. Rather, the
nasal formant at 2100 Hz is visible, continuing out from the consonant into the vowel.
These findings confirm that a nasal consonant does induce nasalization on
adjacent vowels. Both the vowel preceding the nasal consonant and the vowel following
the nasal consonant are affected.
Figure 8.40: Waveform and spectrogram of the word > > > > ‘tobacco’ (Speaker K)
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