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Ngbaka-Ma’bo [NBM] (Central African Republic, D. R. Congo). Richardson
(1957: 91) reports a “flapped v” in Ngbaka-Ma’bo, and attests it in the word for ‘nine’.
However, Cloarec-Heiss (1998) states that this is erroneous.
5. Zande. Nzakara [NZK] (Central African Republic). Santandrea (1965: 28)
reports a labiodental flap in the word ALA ALA ALA ALA ‘thorn’ in Nzakara.
D.7.5 Central Sudanic (West)
The labial flap is found in seven West Central Sudanic languages. No evidence
for contrast is given by the sources. The sound occurs mostly in nouns, and to a lesser
extent in verbs. It is attested in five lexical items in Sar and Yulu, and in fewer lexical
items in the remaining languages. Sources consider it to be phonemic in Kresh and Baka,
but the evidence for this is limited.
Aja [AJA] (Sudan). Cloarec-Heiss (1998) reports the labial flap in Aja.
Kresh [KRS] (Sudan). A labiodental flap is reported in Kresh by Westermann &
Ward (1933), Tucker (1940), Tucker & Bryan (1966: 63), and Brown (1991: 54, 63).
(“Kreish”). Westermann & Ward consider it rare, but Tucker & Bryan claim that it is
“very common.” Westermann & Ward attest it in the words CALA CALA ‘arrow’ and CALKK CALKK CALKK CALKK ‘to
shoot with a bow’. Brown attests it in the word >HKJKLK(KLK( >HKJKLK(KLK( >HKJKLK(KLK( >HKJKLK(KLK(
‘honey badger’. He
considers it to be phonemic, but does not provide evidence of contrast.
Baka [BDH] (Sudan). Tucker & Bryan (1966: 63, 78) and Parker (1985: 65-6)
report the labial flap in Baka. Parker gives contrasts with other labial sounds, and he
considers it to be a phoneme. Tucker & Bryan attest it in the word -L -L -L -L ‘break’. Parker
attests it in the word LA LA LA LA ‘August’. The sound is rare.
Gula [KCM] (Central African Republic, Sudan). Santandrea (1970) (“Kara”) and
Nougayrol (1999: 47) report a labiodental flap in Gula. Nougayrol includes it in his
consonant chart, but does not provide contrasts. He reports the sound is rare. Santandrea
reports it in the words L=(= L=(= L=(= L=(= ‘ox’ and ELE ELE ELE ELE ~ ELE ELE ELE ELE ‘hard sesame’. Nougayrol reports it in
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