the university of chicago the phonology and ... - SIL International

More documents

Recommendations

Info

J J J J =( =( =( =( v. come from. #1809. J J J J H H H H v. cause to swell. #1754. J J J J v. blow up, inflate. #1925. J J J J =( =( =( =( C=F=( C=F=( v. bless. #1217. J J J J =( =( =( =( J( J( J( J( v. help. #1242. J J J J (H (H (H (H v. feed (animals). #0972. J J J J ((H( ((H( ((H( ((H( B B B B =C@H =C@H =C@H =C@H v. make offerings to the dead. #1188. JC>= JC>= JC>= JC>= v. border on. #1795. TC> C> C> C> PN. The Togbo language and people. JC> JC> JC> JC> Variant: JC>= JC>= JC>= JC>= v. meet, join, put together. #1256, 1946. J= J= J= J= v. begin. J>AA J>AA J>AA J>AA n. morning-star (Venus). #0693. J J J J @( @( @( @( v. look at. #0178, 1429. J J J J @( @( @( @( J5=(@H J5=(@H J5=(@H J5=(@H v. look round. #1431. J( J( J( J( ADV. clean. #1637. JH JH JH JH v. make a hole (in order to plant corn/maize). TH H H H PN. The hero of Banda folk stories. A trickster. J(H(5 J(H(5 J(H(5 J(H(5 n. old (not new). #1669. J J J J Variant: J J J J @=M @=M @=M @=M v. 1) pound, forge, grind. 2) give pain, hurt, be bitter, sharp, sting. #0174, 0953, 1004, 1005, 1986. J J J J =C= =C= =C= =C= v. lead (out) cattle. #0979. J J J J @ @ @ @ v. bleed. #0150. J J J J v. perspire. #0181. J J J J (C>( (C>( (C>( (C>( v. work the bellows. #1118. J J J J ( ( ( ( v. revive. #1962. J J J J IK IK IK IK v. palpitate. #0180. J J J J CH CH CH CH v. bore a hole. #1892. J J J J v. grunt with effort. #1341. J J J J F=( F=( v. uncover. #1994. J@K J@K J@K J@K n. dumb (voice). #0237. JFA JFA JFA JFA v. stick. #1984. JH JH JH JH v. poke. #1906. JK JK v. throw (a liquid substance). JK JK CK(5 CK(5 CK(5 CK(5 v. spit (lit. throw spittle). #0191. JK JK JK F=( F=( v. spill (a solid). #1870. JKK JKK JKK JKK n. fresh. #1652. JK JK JK JK = = = = Variant: JK= JK= JK= JK= n. cotton, cotton plant (loan from Lingala tukía). #0598, 1070. JK(F=( JK(F=( JK(F=( JK(F=( n. whiteness. #1560. JK@K(=A( JK@K(=A( JK@K(=A( JK@K(=A( n. blunt. #1634. JKC>(K JKC>(K JKC>(K JKC>(K ADJ. fresh. JKHK JKHK v. budge, move, wipe. #1846, 1998. JKHK JKHK J( J( J( J( (5( (5( (5( (5( v. touch. #0196. JKHK JKHK J5(( J5(( J5(( J5(( >K@K( >K@K( v. wipe off (excreta). #1292. JKHK(CK JKHK(CK n. soldier. #0385. JK(HK(CK JK(HK(CK n. “outie” navel—large belly button that sticks out. JKHK= JKHK= JKHK= JKHK= v. scrape, pick off (with a scraper). #1968. JKHK5= JKHK5= Variant: JKHK5 JKHK5 JKHK5 JKHK5 n. dust, ash. #0667. 232
— J5 J5 — J5=( J5=( PREP. place (cf. Cloarec-Heiss 1986: 161). J5=( J5=( =H =H =H =H n. chest. J5=(=C== J5=(=C== J5=(=C== J5=(=C== Morph: J5=( J5=(-=C= J5=( =C= =C=-== =C= == == == n. jaw. #0054. J5=(=CK=H= J5=(=CK=H= J5=(=CK=H= J5=(=CK=H= n. shade, shelter. #0838. J5=(=F= J5=(=F= J5=(=F= J5=(=F= ADV. all. J5==(= J5==(= J5==(= J5==(= n. jackal. #0432. J5=(=@( J5=(=@( J5=(=@( J5=(=@( Morph: J5=( J5=(-=@( J5=( =@( =@((?) =@( n. chin. #0025. J5=(=C>A@A J5=(=C>A@A J5=(=C>A@A J5=(=C>A@A n. calf. J5=(=J5 J5=(=J5 J5=(=J5 n. bank, shore (hollow). #0652. J5=(=J5 J5=(=J5 J= J= J= J= n. river bank. #0705. J5=(>=C=( J5=(>=C=( Morph: J5=( J5=(->=C=( J5=( >=C=( n. jaw (bone). #0055. J5=(>K@K( J5=(>K@K( Morph: J5=( J5=(->K@K( J5=( >K@K( PREP. under. J5=(>K@K( J5=(>K@K( L L L L n. lower abdomen. #0064. J5=(@= J5=(@= Variant: J5=(=@= J5=(=@= Morph: J5=( J5=(-=@= J5=( =@= =@= n. sole (of foot). #0089. J5=(@= J5=(@= C(H( C(H( C(H( C(H( n. 1) throat. 2) voice. J5=@= J5=@= J5=@= J5=@= n. pen. J5=(C(H( J5=(C(H( J5=(C(H( J5=(C(H( Variant: J5=(@C(H( J5=(@C(H( J5=(@C(H( J5=(@C(H( Morph: J5=( J5=((?)=C(H( J5=( J5=( =C(H( =C(H( =C(H( n. voice. #1314. J5=(BK J5=(BK Morph: J5=( J5=(-BK J5=( J5=( BK n. smell. #0119. J5=(CK(HK( J5=(CK(HK( n. middle. #1767. J5=(C> J5=(C> J5=(C> J5=(C> n. smallness. #1579. J5=(C>K(HK( J5=(C>K(HK( J5=(C>K(HK( KK KK KK KK Morph: J5=( J5=(-C>K(HK( J5=( C>K(HK( C>K(HK((?) C>K(HK( n. crown of the head. #0027. J5=(==( J5=(==( J5=(==( J5=(==( Morph: J5=( J5=(-==( J5=( ==( ==((?) ==( ADJ. side, part. J5=(= J5=(==( J5=(= J5=(= =( =( =( (J( (J( (J( (J( n. side of body. #0084. J5=(=( J5=(=( J5=(=( J5=(=( Morph: J5=( J5=(-=( J5=( =( =( =( n. palm of hand. #0074. J5=(=C= J5=(=C= J5=(=C= J5=(=C= Morph: J5=( J5=(-=C= J5=( =C= =C= =C= n. armpit. #0005. J5=(H J5=(H J5=(H J5=(H n. height, length. # 1576, 1577. J5=(K@K( J5=(K@K( J5=(K@K( J5=(K@K( Morph: J5=(K@K( J5=(K@K( J5=(K@K( J5=(K@K( PREP. under, below. #1486. J5=(KK J5=(KK J5=(KK J5=(KK n. highest point, utmost, level. #0681, 1765. J5=(=B( J5=(=B( J5=(=B( J5=(=B( Morph: J5=( J5=(-== J5=( == ==-B( == B( B( B( LOC. above, sky, heaven. #0713. J5=(=F J5=(=F J5=(=F J5=(=F Morph: J5=( J5=(-== J5=( == ==-F == F F(?) F LOC. in the village. J5=(=CK( J5=(=CK( J5=(=CK( J5=(=CK( Morph: J5=( J5=(-== J5=( == ==-K(CK( == K(CK( K(CK( K(CK( LOC. in the water. J5=(=IK J5=(=IK J5=(=IK J5=(=IK M(M M(M M(M M(M n. heartburn. #0212. J5=(@ J5=(@ J5=(@ J5=(@ F FF F n. ritual place. #0876. J5=(=C>=( J5=(=C>=( J5=(=C>=( J5=(=C>=( Morph: J5=( J5=(-=C>=( J5=( =C>=( =C>=( =C>=( PREP. after. J5=(>A(A( J5=(>A(A( J5=(>A(A( J5=(>A(A( M M M M n. burnt grass. #0573. J5=(@( J5=(@( J5=(@( J5=(@( Morph: J5=((@( J5=((@( J5=((@( J5=((@( PREP. in. J5=(@H J5=(@H J5=(@H J5=(@H n. edge. #1759. J5=(@K( J5=(@K( J5=(@K( J5=(@K( n. country. #0661. J5=@ J5=@= J5=@ J5=@= = = n. thumb piano, hand piano. #1152. J5=C= J5=C= J5=C= J5=C= v. melt. #1952. J5=(C>=( J5=(C>=( J5=(C>=( J5=(C>=( Morph: J5=(=(C>=( J5=(=(C>=( J5=(=(C>=( J5=(=(C>=( PREP. behind. #1478. J5=(C>=(CA(A( J5=(C>=(CA(A( J5=(C>=(CA(A( J5=(C>=(CA(A( ADJ. green. #1566. J5=C>A(@= J5=C>A(@= J5=C>A(@= J5=C>A(@= n. fork (in road). #0866. J5=(F=( J5=(F=( >=(@=( >=(@=( >=(@=( >=(@=( n. ford. #0674. J5=(F=( J5=(F=( @K @K @K @K n. beach. #0653. J5=(F=(@K( J5=(F=(@K( n. grave, cemetery. #0867, 0874. 233
Page 1 and 2:
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE PHONO
Page 3 and 4:
TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME ONE LIST O
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: The lan
Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Banda sub
Page 9 and 10:
Rhodes, Jim Roberts, Doug Sampson,
Page 11 and 12:
ABSTRACT In this dissertation, I de
Page 13 and 14:
This dissertation is dedicated to t
Page 15 and 16:
There are several languages in the
Page 17 and 18:
The Bubanda region is located to th
Page 19 and 20:
convincing. More will be said about
Page 21 and 22:
Her phonological analysis consists
Page 23 and 24:
study informing the internal classi
Page 25 and 26:
men hunt small game, but large game
Page 27 and 28:
third of CAR. At its peak, the Uban
Page 29 and 30:
of Lingala is reduced, both for men
Page 31 and 32:
language. Also, code switching is n
Page 33 and 34:
Finally, several documents dealing
Page 35 and 36:
with the contrast between sounds, a
Page 37 and 38:
CHAPTER 2 PHONEMES In this chapter,
Page 39 and 40:
4. Frequency of occurrence. If a so
Page 41 and 42:
Mono consonants share several trait
Page 43 and 44:
Despite the fact that the labial fl
Page 45 and 46:
The data in (1) show sample contras
Page 47 and 48:
However, contrasts are readily atte
Page 49 and 50:
case of the pronouns. If the pronou
Page 51 and 52:
2.2 Vowels b. Labial-velar and lab
Page 53 and 54:
If = were reinterpreted as a low fr
Page 55 and 56:
The data in (19) show sample contra
Page 57 and 58:
= Table 2.1: Consonant-vowel combin
Page 59 and 60:
CHAPTER 3 TONE The majority of Afri
Page 61 and 62:
(3) Tautomorphemic words containing
Page 63 and 64:
3.2 Grammatical tone Besides the le
Page 65 and 66:
(13) a. = = = = = C=@( C=@( C=@( C=
Page 67 and 68:
Certain locative adverbs in Mono ha
Page 69 and 70:
CHAPTER 4 LABIALIZATION AND PALATAL
Page 71 and 72:
tongue position in addition to a pr
Page 73 and 74:
However, this is not what we find.
Page 75 and 76:
4.2 Suggested interpretations Chao
Page 77 and 78:
each vowel in the sequence. She con
Page 79 and 80:
consonant to be lower in sonority t
Page 81 and 82:
entire word as its domain, which wo
Page 83 and 84:
phonemically as ia, or as a semi-vo
Page 85 and 86:
is suggested by Blevin’s (1995: 2
Page 87 and 88:
. Alveolar ⎯ J =J=H= =J=H= =J=H=
Page 89 and 90:
this is that these words bear stres
Page 91 and 92:
Arabic, Japanese, Lardil, Estonian,
Page 93 and 94:
(3) Underlying forms of sample V1CV
Page 95 and 96:
the words, ‘far’, F F F F
Page 97 and 98:
The adjective == == == == ‘small
Page 99 and 100:
One question which arises is whethe
Page 101 and 102:
1994, Elders 2000), most of which f
Page 103 and 104:
In my corpus of data, adverbs begin
Page 105 and 106:
contains several morphemes are term
Page 107 and 108:
(2) Sample animate nouns a. C> C> C
Page 109 and 110:
Second, certain adjectives are lexi
Page 111 and 112:
Thus, according to Kamanda’s hypo
Page 113 and 114:
(13) Sample compound nouns in Mono
Page 115 and 116:
element begins with a vowel, vowel
Page 117 and 118:
Cloarec-Heiss (1972: 86) for Linda.
Page 119 and 120:
121) considers this to be an unprod
Page 121 and 122:
document clearly the formal propert
Page 123 and 124:
Repetitive aspect (REP). The repeti
Page 125 and 126:
(31) a. ( ( ( ( I( I( I( I( (F= (F=
Page 127 and 128:
There is a plural form ( (, ( ( whi
Page 129 and 130:
7.1.3 Prepositional morphology Most
Page 131 and 132:
(45) a. I( I( I( I( (= (= (= (=
Page 133 and 134:
(49) a. ( ( ( ( → ~
Page 135 and 136:
which reduces to '' ' ' in casual s
Page 137 and 138:
CHAPTER 8 ACOUSTIC PHONETICS While
Page 139 and 140:
This chapter consists of four parts
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 8.2: Waveform and spectrogra
Page 143 and 144:
Figure 8.4: Waveform and spectrogra
Page 145 and 146:
languages on one hand (Degema and t
Page 147 and 148:
Figure 8.8: Waveform of the possibl
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 8.12: Waveform and spectrogr
Page 151 and 152:
oth Speakers A and K. In Speaker A
Page 153 and 154:
In the tokens I examined, then, I f
Page 155 and 156:
ief glottalic ingressive mechanism,
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
labial-velar stops is shorter than
Page 161 and 162:
formant transitions at the release
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
(1973) suggest plotting F1 vs. F2',
Page 167 and 168:
Table 8.4: Bandwidth averages. Unit
Page 169 and 170:
Figure 8.30: Plot of F1 vs. F3 (Spe
Page 171 and 172:
Second, the value of F2 for the Mon
Page 173 and 174:
start of or H. The second vowel wa
Page 175 and 176:
Words with only two syllables shoul
Page 177 and 178:
presence of a nasal formant at the
Page 179 and 180:
Figures 8.40 and 8.41 show spectrog
Page 181 and 182:
Second, I argue in Chapter 4 that l
Page 183 and 184:
transition from the secondary artic
Page 185 and 186:
linguistic universals and tendencie
Page 187 and 188:
The two secondary articulations fou
Page 189 and 190:
APPENDIX A TEXTS This appendix cont
Page 191 and 192:
( 11. “>== >== >== >== =( =( =( =
Page 193 and 194:
20. “A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( == =
Page 195 and 196: 33. “ @ @ @ @ J5(( J5(( J5(( J
Page 197 and 198: ( 43. A@A A@A A@A A@A I( I( I( I( (
Page 199 and 200: ( 55. J5A J5A J5A J5A =( =( =( =( =
Page 201 and 202: ( ( ( =( =( =( =( ( ( ( ( MK( M
Page 203 and 204: ( 9. =LKHK =LKHK =LKHK =LKHK A
Page 205 and 206: 9. C> C> C> C> CA( CA( CA( CA( AC=
Page 207 and 208: Table A.2: Frequency counts of vowe
Page 209 and 210: =@AC =@AC =@AC =@AC n. bend, crook,
Page 211 and 212: == == == == M(A( M(A( M(A( M(A( n.
Page 213 and 214: (( ( >==C>= >==C>= >==C>= >==C>= CJ
Page 215 and 216: @A @A @A J5(( J5(( J5(( J5(( v. cho
Page 217 and 218: A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( CKIK CKIK n
Page 219 and 220: C=>= C=>= C=>= C=>= v. honor, admir
Page 221 and 222: C>=@= C>=@= C>=@= C>=@= CK> CK> CK>
Page 223 and 224: ADJ. sharp. F F ADJ. tart. ADJ
Page 225 and 226: =5A =5A =5A =5A =C= =C= =C= =C= n.
Page 227 and 228: =>= =>= =>= =>= n. knife. #0929. =(
Page 229 and 230: = = = = Variant: >= >= >= >= n. ill
Page 231 and 232: F=IKHK F=IKHK F=IKHK F=IKHK n. slip
Page 233 and 234: C>@ C>@ C>@ C>@ (>= (>= (>= (>= n.
Page 235 and 236: H >H >H >H (5( (5( (5( (5( v. be dr
Page 237 and 238: — @ @ @ @ — @= @= @= @= v. vomi
Page 239 and 240: C>@ C>@ C>@ C>@ AAF= AAF= AAF= AAF=
Page 241 and 242: (C>( (C>( (C>( (C>( Variant: =(C>(
Page 243 and 244: I I I I @ @ @ @ A(FA( A(FA( A(FA( A
Page 245: J=@= J=@= J=@= J=@= n. lamp, torch.
Page 249 and 250: KK KK KK KK n. thigh (the part of t
Page 251 and 252: M=H M=H M=H M=H n. manioc paste. M=
Page 253 and 254: =M=( =M=( =M=( =M=( n. bitter herbs
Page 255 and 256: APPENDIX C AN EVALUATION OF NIGER-C
Page 257 and 258: changes to Greenberg’s work. This
Page 259 and 260: Williamson bases much of her classi
Page 261 and 262: original division between the two b
Page 263 and 264: Stewart and Williamson interpret th
Page 265 and 266: C.3.1 Inclusion of Bantu within Nig
Page 267 and 268: Third, the supposedly borrowed word
Page 269 and 270: Watters (1989: 409) notes that *KCM
Page 271 and 272: Congo. Greenberg (1970) named it Ad
Page 273 and 274: is already satisfied, and thus form
Page 275 and 276: The second major issue with respect
Page 277 and 278: difference of syllable structure) a
Page 279 and 280: published and personally elicited.
Page 281 and 282: languages compared. Consider a triv
Page 283 and 284: sound correspondences, and thus has
Page 285 and 286: in that they most often come about
Page 287 and 288: approximating gross groupings, ther
Page 289 and 290: The International Phonetic Alphabet
Page 291 and 292: One question which arises immediate
Page 293 and 294: Table D.1: Genetic affiliation of l
Page 295 and 296: This is identical to what Catford (
Page 297 and 298:
D.5 Phonological status D.5.1 Evalu
Page 299 and 300:
7. Borrowed words. If the sound is
Page 301 and 302:
(4) Contrast with other labial soun
Page 303 and 304:
(7) Sample lexical items in Karang
Page 305 and 306:
which are shown in (11). Third, the
Page 307 and 308:
distribution of the labial flap bea
Page 309 and 310:
In addition, we provide evidence co
Page 311 and 312:
South Mofu [MIF] (Cameroon). Barret
Page 313 and 314:
the mouth (Karanga) or ‘of flicki
Page 315 and 316:
ilabial or labiodental. Lim conside
Page 317 and 318:
words are found in those subgroups.
Page 319 and 320:
‘joint’, CM CM CM CM ‘ankle
Page 321 and 322:
Feroge [FER] (Sudan). Santandrea (1
Page 323 and 324:
the Méré dialect in the words CKL
Page 325 and 326:
Mvuba [MXH] (D. R. Congo). Demolin
Page 327 and 328:
Labial flap (1) Files labfl1_11025.
Page 329 and 330:
Implosives and labialization (7) Fi
Page 331 and 332:
(23) Secondary articulations I(
Page 333 and 334:
(36) M= M= ‘send’ =(J= =(J= =(J
Page 335 and 336:
MK( MK( I( I( I( I( AA AA AA AA
Page 337 and 338:
Table F.1, continued. d. Labial con
Page 339 and 340:
Table F.1, continued. e. Labial co
Page 341 and 342:
Table F.1, continued. e. Alveolar c
Page 343 and 344:
Table F.1, continued. e. Alveolar c
Page 345 and 346:
Table F.1, continued. f. Palatal co
Page 347 and 348:
Table F.1, continued. h. Palatal co
Page 349 and 350:
Table F.1, continued. e. Velar/glot
Page 351 and 352:
Table F.1, continued. d. Labial-vel
Page 353 and 354:
Table F.2, continued. K E K@ K@
Page 355 and 356:
Table F.3, continued. (12)
Page 357 and 358:
Table F.4: Formant and bandwidth va
Page 359 and 360:
Table F.4, continued. LA@= Spec 368
Page 361 and 362:
Table F.4, continued. > Spec 326.
Page 363 and 364:
Table F.4, continued. > Spec 532.86
Page 365 and 366:
Table F.4, continued. > 5= Spec 619
Page 367 and 368:
Table F.5, continued. E > 5= ‘two
Page 369 and 370:
REFERENCES Arom, Simha, and France
Page 371 and 372:
Buchanan, Michael. 1996. Rapport d
Page 373 and 374:
Demolin, Didier. 1988. Some problem
Page 375 and 376:
Greenberg, Joseph H. 1995. The conc
Page 377 and 378:
International Phonetic Association.
Page 379 and 380:
McCarthy, John J., and Alan S. Prin
Page 381 and 382:
Pozzati, Aurelio. 1987. Vocabolario
Page 383 and 384:
Thomas, Jacqueline M.-C. 1963. Le p
show all

the university of chicago the phonology and ... - SIL International

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?