the university of chicago the phonology and ... - SIL International

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: The languages of northwestern Democratic Republic of Congo ....................3
Figure 1.2: The locations of the Mono people and their ancestors .................................13
Figure 2.1: Consonant phonemes in Mono......................................................................27
Figure 2.2: Articulation of a portion of the word =MA(JH =MA(JH =MA(JH =MA(JH ‘stick used in an animal trap’
(Speaker A, cf. Chapter 8). Frames are 30 ms apart .....................................31
Figure 2.3: Vowel phonemes in Mono ............................................................................38
Figure 2.4: Reanalyzed Mono vowel system ..................................................................40
Figure 8.1: Waveform and spectrogram of the possible word =M= =M= =M= (Speaker K). The
period of closure is indicated by the arrows ...............................................127
Figure 8.2: Waveform and spectrogram of the word =(M=(H=( =(M=(H=( ‘fierceness’ (Speaker K) 128
Figure 8.3: Waveform and spectrogram of the word =MAA =MAA =MAA =MAA ‘catfish’ (Speaker K) .....128
Figure 8.4: Waveform and spectrogram of the word =M= =M= ‘road’ (Speaker K) .............130
Figure 8.5: Waveform and spectrogram of the word M M M M ‘calf, shin’. Voicing precedes a
word-initial labial flap (Speaker A) ............................................................130
Figure 8.6: Waveform and spectrogram of the word (M= (M= (M= (M= ‘to send’ (Speaker A) .....131
Figure 8.7: Waveform of the possible word =>= =>= (Speaker K) ......................................133
Figure 8.8: Waveform of the possible word == == == == (Speaker K) ......................................134
Figure 8.9: Waveform of the possible word =@= =@= (Speaker K) ......................................134
Figure 8.10: Waveform of the possible word == == == == (Speaker K) ......................................135
Figure 8.11: Waveform and spectrogram of possible word =>= =>= (Speaker K). Beginning
and end of closure are indicated by the arrows (see Section 8.1.4) ............135
Figure 8.12: Waveform and spectrogram of possible word == == == == (Speaker K) ................136
Figure 8.13: Waveform of the word =(=J =(=J =(=J =(=J ‘low’ (Speaker K) ......................................136
Figure 8.14: Waveform of the word = = = = ‘spirit’ (Speaker K) ......................................137
Figure 8.15: Close-up of waveform of the possible word == == == == (Speaker A) ...................138
Figure 8.16: Close-up of waveform of the possible word == == == == (Speaker A) ...................138
Figure 8.17: Close-up of waveform of the possible word == == == == (Speaker K) ...................138
Figure 8.18: Close-up of waveform of the possible word == == == == (Speaker K) ...................139
Figure 8.19: Close-up of waveform of the word = = = = ‘spirit’ (Speaker K) ..................139
Figure 8.20: Close-up of waveform of the word AA AA AA AA ‘who’ (Speaker K) ......................139
Figure 8.21: Waveform of the word ( ( ( ( ‘to hit’ (Speaker K) .....................................140
Figure 8.22: Waveform and spectrogram of the word (C> (C> (C> (C> ‘to receive, to find’
(Speaker K) .................................................................................................142
Figure 8.23: Waveform and spectrogram of the word =(C>=( =(C>=( ‘dugout canoe’ (Speaker K)
.....................................................................................................................144
Figure 8.24: Waveform and spectrogram of the word =>=( =>=( ‘father’ (Speaker K) ...........144
Figure 8.25: Waveform and spectrogram of the word >=C=( >=C=( ‘cheek’ (Speaker K) .........145
Figure 8.26: Waveform and spectrogram of the word =(@=( =(@=( =(@=( =(@=( ‘oil’ (Speaker K) ..............146
Figure 8.27: Waveform and spectrogram of the word F F F F ‘big hoe’ (Speaker K) .....147
Figure 8.28: Waveform and spectrogram of possible word =>= =>= =>= =>= (Speaker K). Beginning
and end of closure are indicated by arrows .................................................150
v