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Feroge [FER] (Sudan). Santandrea (1950: 21-30, 43-46) reports a labial flap in
Feroge. He notes its existence in the nouns @AL @AL CE CE CE CE ‘arrow’ and AL= AL= AL= AL= ‘water’, and the
verbs L=H= L=H= ‘to plaster’, and L=C= L=C=(D) L=C= L=C= ‘to throw’. 4
Mangayat [MYJ] (Sudan). Santandrea (1950: 21-30, 43-46; 1961: 171) reports a
labiodental flap in Mangayat. He notes its existence in the nouns CALACA CALACA ‘arrow’,
CA=AL=
CA=AL= CA=AL=
CA=AL= ‘thirst’, and ()AL= AL= AL= AL= ‘water’, and the verbs L=H= L=H= L=H= L=H= ‘to plaster’, and L=C= L=C=(D) L=C= L=C= ‘to
throw’.
Ndogo [NDZ] (Sudan). A labiodental flap is reported in Ndogo by Tucker (1940:
65), Santandrea (1961: 13, 87, 148ff), Tucker & Bryan (1966: 90-107), Thelwall (1980:
80-81), Pozzati (1987), Constance Kutsch Lojenga (per. comm.), and Peter Rebigo &
Wanda Pace (per. comm.). Evidence for the phonological status of the labial flap in
Ndogo is given in Section D.5.2.
Sere [SWF] (D. R. Congo, Central African Republic). A labiodental flap is
reported in Sere by Santandrea (1961:13, 148ff), Tucker & Bryan (1966: 86-107), and
Thomas et al. (1976: 166). Santandrea notes its existence in eight lexical items, including
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the nouns LA@E LA@E LA@E LA@E ‘brother’, LE LE LE ~ ME ME ‘child’, LEE LEE LEE LEE ‘girl’, JA(LA( JA(LA( ‘mahogany’, L L L L ‘nose’, and
JALE JALE ‘grinding stone’, the verb =L= =L= =L= =L= ‘light’, and the adjective CL=CL=
CL=CL= CL=CL=
CL=CL= ‘fast (quick)’.
Tagbu [TBM] (D. R. Congo). A labiodental flap is reported in Tagbu by
Santandrea (1961: 13, 91, 148ff). He notes its existence in five lexical items: LEE LEE LEE LEE
‘girl’, L= L= ‘ask’, L= L=(J= L= J= J=) J= ‘throw (down)’, L= L= ‘unripe’, and L=EC( L=EC( L=EC( L=EC( ‘beyond the river’.
Dongo [DOO] (D. R. Congo). Pasch (1986: 179-180, 389) reports the phoneme
/8/ in Dongo and attests it in the word 8(- 8(- 8(- 8(- ‘to cut with a knife’. Unfortunately, she does
not describe the sound represented by this symbol, but given the geographical location, it
is likely a labial flap.
4 Santandrea uses an umlaut to mark centralization of a vowel (Santandrea 1961: 7). Use of it over
the high vowels i and u indicates the lax counterparts, 1 and 7, respectively.