Jaume Solà i Pujols - Departament de Filologia Catalana ...

(32) [ X o AGR o i ] [ AGRP [ PRO PRO o ] [ AGR' ti ] ]
In this configuration, PRO o is allowed to move to the X o head containing AGR o without
violating the ECP. Therefore, 0 is a structure that allows for the controllee to end up in a head
position which at the same time contains AGR o . This would be the case for NSLs as Catalan or
Italian.
Can 0 be somehow motivated? I will assume that enclisis, which is typical of NSLs, is a
manifestation of the structure 0: whenever AGR o (which contains V o ) raises to X o , enclisis is
manifested. So we are in a position to account for enclisis and the empirical facts discussed in
Kayne (1991). Let us see how.
In order to motivate our account for the enclisis facts, we will concentrate on two
questions: How is 'longer' V-movement related to enclisis? and, What are the effects of adjoining
PRO o to AGR o (or a head containing AGR o ).
2.1.1. Enclisis
Let us first consider a well known case of enclisis not concerning Romance infinitives:
French (complex) verb/subject-clitic inversion. An interesting and recent account for this
phenomenon is Rizzi & Roberts (1989). The literature on this topic agrees on the point that V-
INFL movement to COMP is a crucial factor for this construction. What concerns us here is the
following fact: once the V-INFL raises above INFL into C o , something forces the clitic subject to
cliticize to C o . I think this can follow from the clitic's need for a host, but there is no obvious
reason why the clitic does not left-adjoin to C o instead of right adjoining. Whatever the account
is, we could take it to have a rather pervasive nature. The situation, then, would be:
- there is a designated landing site where clitics left-adjoin: AGR o for both object clitics
in Romance and subject clitics in French and Northern Italian dialects.
- whenever the content of this head moves a head up, the clitic is left without an
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