Jaume Solà i Pujols - Departament de Filologia Catalana ...

(54) Peter had this work done by a lawyer, but...
a. John did it himself (English)
b. Hans hat es selbst gemacht (German) 37
H. has it SELF done
c. Hans har gjort det selv (Danish) 38
Hans has done it SELF
d. John har gjort det själv (Swedish) 39
Hans has done it SELF
e. Jón gerdhi thetta sjálfur (Icelandic)
J. did that SELFNom
f. Jean l'a fait lui(-même) (French)
J. it-has done he (himself)
The analysis for the above examples is far from trivial. We will see, however, that under
a reasonable interpretation it supports the generalization in 0: specifically, I-subjects are
[+anaphoric] in non-NSLs.
The French example might at first glance look like a counterexample, since the emphatic
element looks like a pronominal (lui), or like an element similar to the emphatic/logophoric
37 Dutch has essentially the same behavior as German:
(i) Ik heb het eten nie zelf gekookt
I have the meal not self cooked
'I haven't cooked the meal myself'
38 Danish allows emphatic selv not only in final position,
but also in pre-VP position, as the following example shows:
(i) ...at Hans måske selv har gjort det
that H. maybe SELF has done it
The same happens with other Germanic languages. As far as
this position can be argued to be a low ('internal subject')
position, this is not problematic. Otherwise, it can be that
floating can take place at intermediate positions in DP-raising
to Spec of AGR.
1
39 Norwegian behaves exactly like Swedish.