Jaume Solà i Pujols - Departament de Filologia Catalana ...

(65) a. Juan mismo lo harà /**Juan lo harà mismo
J. SELF it-will-do J. it-will-do SELF
b. Lui stesso lo farà /**Lui lo farà stesso
He SELF it-will-do G. it-will-do SELF
c. Ele mesmo fé-lo /**Ele fé-lo mesmo
He SELF did-it He did-it SELF
So, to summarize, non-NSLs allow, as I-subject, either an overt anaphor or a floating
emphatic element cooccurring with an empty anaphor. NSLs allow neither, because they do not
allow anaphoric I-subjects.
The conclusion is, instead, that null I-subjects in NSLs are pronominal, a controversial
conclusion, to which I return later.
Romanian is potentially problematic as a NSL: although el insusi is apparently the same
as Italian lui stesso (he SELF), it is not equivalent: the SELF element is actually el insusi in cases
like 0.a):
(66) a. [ DP Ion el insusi ] (cf.: **Ion insusi)
Ion himself
b. Ion a scris el insusi acest proiect
I. has written el insusi this project
Thus el insusi in 0.b) could be analyzed as [ DP t el insusi ], so that Romanian would not
have reflexive I-subjects (si insusi) but it would have empty anaphoric I-subjects with a floating
SELF. However, since these elements are often ambiguous (e.g., English himself is ambiguous
between reflexive and SELF), we can perfectly contend that el insusi is ambiguous between a
SELF element and an emphatic/logophoric element. A more detailed study should address the
issue of how these ambiguities are possible and so frequent and why they arise in natural
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