Jaume Solà i Pujols - Departament de Filologia Catalana ...

appropriate host and it has to cliticize into the new host position; in this case (for whatever
reason) the clitic right-adjoins to the upper host.
Now, if French (complex) inversion involves longer V-movement than in assertive
clauses, and this longer movement is not a minimal further step as in Kayne's (1991) account for
enclisis, but rather a one-head-up-more step, is there evidence that Romance enclisis also
involves further head-to-head movement? I think there is some evidence, at least in Catalan and
Spanish (I will be presenting the Catalan examples; Spanish equivalents behave identically as far
as I know).
One way of measuring the length of the further-step movement in enclisis constructions
is to consider word-order phenomena. If enclisis involves V-INFL moving one more head up
w.r.t. proclisis, then this extra movement will skip over possible specifiers or adjuncts of the
maximal projection in between:
(33) [ X o V-AGRi ] [ AGRP adjunct [ AGRP Spec [ AGR' ti ] ] ]
^-------------------------------------'
so that the order will be adjunct-V or Spec-V in proclisis constructions and V-adjunct or V-Spec
in enclisis constructions.
I think there is evidence of precisely this kind. In Catalan and Spanish, there are several
kinds of adverbs (Catalan sempre 'always', mai 'never', ja 'already'/'yet', encara 'still', etc.) which
usually precede the verb in finite sentences. 119 In fact, when they precede the verb, they must be
adjacent to it:
119 They can also follow the verb with a slightly lower
degree of naturalness. This does not affect the argument below.
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