Jaume Solà i Pujols - Departament de Filologia Catalana ...

(53) a. sich selbst (SE SELF) (emphatic anaphor)
b. er selbst (he SELF) (emphatic pronoun)
c. Hans selbst (Hans SELF) (emphatic R-expression)
In other languages (English, French) the facts are less clear because the SELF element
has become an affix and the whole pronoun-SELF element has become both a SELF element
(John himself) and a not necessarily emphatic reflexive (John shaves himself), and even a
logophor (John thought that Peter would take a picture of himself!).
In the above paradigm we have overlooked an important fact: in some of the languages
(Catalan, Occitan, Romanian), the colloquial forms used as reflexives are the
emphatic/logophoric elements (ell mateix, el mateis/même, el insusi) or even the bare
pronominals (Catalan ell, Occitan el). Therefore the colloquial versions of these languages are
neutral w.r.t. our prediction that I-subjects have to be pronominal and not anaphoric, because the
(emphatic) pronominals are used as neutral forms (pronominal/anaphoric). But in all three
languages speakers using the unambiguously reflexive forms have the clear intuition that these
forms are completely excluded as I-subjects.
Non-NSLs should instead have emphatic anaphors in constructions equivalent to the ones
in 0, as predicted by the generalization in 0. Let us consider the following examples: 36
36 Thanks to Michael Laurence (German), Liliane Haegeman
(West Flemish and Dutch), Sten Vikner (Danish), Kjell-Åke
Gunnarson (Swedish), Haróld A. Sigurdhsson (Icelandic) and Alain
Rouveret (French) for their data and comments.
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