Introduction to Fire Safety Management
Introduction to Fire Safety Management
Introduction to Fire Safety Management
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Figure 10.30 Visual and audible communication for managing<br />
crowd safety<br />
➤ Limiting the numbers of people permitted in a particular<br />
part of the building or section of seating<br />
➤ Providing adequate means of escape that is:<br />
➤ Obvious and well signed<br />
➤ Has good underfoot conditions<br />
➤ Opens in the direction of escape<br />
➤ Opens when under pressure from a crowd, e.g.<br />
a push bar <strong>to</strong> open device<br />
➤ Providing adequate communications equipment,<br />
e.g. a public address system or personal megaphones<br />
for fi re marshals<br />
➤ Providing an audible/visual safety briefi ng which<br />
includes basic safety information along with instruction<br />
of what action will be required in case of<br />
emergency<br />
➤ Providing additional emergency lighting<br />
➤ Providing assistance in the form of competent fi re<br />
wardens or fi re marshals<br />
➤ Provision for people with special needs<br />
➤ First aid facilities.<br />
10.4.2 The purpose of drills, evacuation and<br />
roll-calls<br />
There is no evidence from research <strong>to</strong> suggest that a<br />
fi re exit sign will necessarily encourage people <strong>to</strong> head<br />
<strong>to</strong>wards it in the event of a fi re, unless the route is<br />
already familiar. Occupants may choose <strong>to</strong> ignore specifi<br />
c fi re exit routes and choose familiar routes. It is quite<br />
likely that people would often be more inclined <strong>to</strong> move<br />
<strong>to</strong> a familiar exit which is further away than an unfamiliar<br />
exit nearby. Therefore it is vital that where possible<br />
<strong>Safety</strong> of people in the event of a fi re<br />
people who may need <strong>to</strong> use an exit in the event of an<br />
emergency are familiar with it.<br />
The purpose of practising an evacuation procedure<br />
is <strong>to</strong> ensure it functions adequately, <strong>to</strong> ensure all those<br />
with a specifi c role in the procedure are aware of and<br />
competent in their role and are able <strong>to</strong> demonstrate <strong>to</strong><br />
all parties that arrangements have been put in place <strong>to</strong><br />
achieve a reasonable level of safety in the event of fi re.<br />
The object of a fi re evacuation procedure is <strong>to</strong><br />
practise good evacuation behaviour, so that people do<br />
not experience or develop serious health effects associated<br />
with being exposed <strong>to</strong> the effects of fi re.<br />
In order <strong>to</strong> test evacuation procedures it is important<br />
<strong>to</strong> achieve as much realism as possible. The procedure<br />
will not be fully tested if people think that the actual<br />
emergency escape routes cannot be used.<br />
During a fi re evacuation drill in a police station,<br />
staff delayed their escape because once<br />
at the bot<strong>to</strong>m of a staircase, which was only<br />
used for emergency evacuation, they were<br />
confronted with a break glass <strong>to</strong> open fi tting<br />
on the fi nal exit door. They were reluctant <strong>to</strong><br />
break the glass, fearing unnecessary damage<br />
and so they retraced their steps and left the<br />
building through the main entrance.<br />
As a result:<br />
➤ The procedures were not tested fully<br />
➤ The fi nal exit door and its security fi tting<br />
remained untested<br />
➤ Everyone else who had left their work<br />
had, in effect, wasted their time.<br />
10.4.3 Confi rming the building is clear<br />
In the event of a fi re in a building the fi re service will<br />
need <strong>to</strong> know, among other things, whether or not there<br />
are still people left in the building. It is important <strong>to</strong> provide<br />
the fi re service with clear information regarding<br />
the situation relating <strong>to</strong> people in the building. If the fi re<br />
service offi cer on the scene has any doubt as <strong>to</strong> whether<br />
there are persons in a building their fi rst priority becomes<br />
the rescue of those people. This will involve committing<br />
fi re fi ghters in<strong>to</strong> the building <strong>to</strong> conduct search and rescue<br />
operations and is very likely <strong>to</strong> delay an attack on<br />
the main seat of the fi re.<br />
In order <strong>to</strong> be confi dent when reporting <strong>to</strong> the fi re<br />
service, the fi re incident controller will need <strong>to</strong> know that<br />
everyone has either left the building or, if people are still<br />
261