Introduction to Fire Safety Management

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Abbreviations AFFF Aqueous Film Forming Foam APAU Accident Prevention Advisory Unit ARC Alarm Receiving Centre ASET Available Safe Escape Time BCF Bromochlorodifl uoromethane BS British Standard BSI British Standards Institution BTM Bromotrifl uoromethane CCTV Closed Circuit Television CDM The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 CFOA Chief Fire Offi cers Association CHIP Chemicals (Hazards Information and CO2 Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002 Carbon Dioxide COMAH Control of Major Accident Hazards CORGI Regulations 1999 Council Registered Gas Installers COSHH Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2004 DCLG Department of Communities and Local Government DDA Disability Discrimination Act 1995 DSEAR Dangerous Substances and Explosives EMAS Atmospheres Regulations 2002 Employment Medical Advisory Service EU European Union EVC Emergency Voice Communications FFS Fire Fighting Systems FIC Fire Incident Controllers FMEA Failure Modes and Effects Analysis FMT Facilities Management Team FPA Fire Protection Association FRA Fire Risk Assessment FRRS Fire Resisting Roller Shutters FRS Fire and Rescue Services FTA Fault Tree Analysis 400 HAZOP Hazard and Operability Study HSC Health and Safety Commission HP Hydraulic Platform HSCER The Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 HSE Health and Safety Executive HSG65 HSE’s Successful Health and Safety Management HSWA Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 HTM65 Health Technical Memorandum 65 IBCs Intermediate Bulk Containers IFE Institute of Fire Engineers ILO-OSH International Labour Organisation – Occupational Safety and Health IOSH The Institution of Occupational Safety and Health IPPC Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control IRP Incident Response Plan JSA Job Safety Analysis KMFRA Kent and Medway Fire and Rescue Authority LEL Lower Explosion Limit LEV Local Exhaust Ventilation LFL Lower Flammable Limit LHDC Linear Heat Detecting Cable LPG Liquefi ed Petroleum Gas Lx Lux MCCBs Moulded Case Circuit Breakers MHSW Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 MoE Means of Escape MSDS Materials Safety Data Sheets MW/m 2 Megawatts per square metre O&M Operations and Maintenance ODPM Offi ce of the Deputy Prime Minister OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
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Introduction to Fire Safety Managem
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Introduction to Fire Safety Managem
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Contents PREFACE ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Contents 9.4 Building construction
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Preface Introduction to Fire Safety
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About the authors Andrew Furness is
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Illustrations credits Figure 5.1 Co
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Illustrations credits Principles of
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Fire safety foundations To enable s
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There can also be signifi cant emot
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REDUNDANCIES REDUCED CASH FLOW INCR
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If a prosecution is brought for a b
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Figure 1.11 Employers are responsib
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Health and safety arrangements Empl
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fi re specifi c issues that the RRF
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Door closer Fire door Keep shut Fig
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Figure 1.19 Stair lift in situation
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So, whom would she sue for her loss
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Once the court has established negl
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Figure 1.25 Powers of enforcement a
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140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Figure 1.
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External factors Internal factors A
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the company had fully complied with
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Figure 2.1 ACoP of Management of he
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The organisation element of a safet
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detached building, which included o
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Organising for safety 3.1 Introduct
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Directors and senior managers often
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➤ Ensuring access and egress and
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Table 3.1 A summary of individuals
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and inform employers and other self
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Figure 3.8 Safety representatives h
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➤ To consider enforcing authority
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If a piece of work equipment that i
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4. First aid information 5. Fire fi
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Figure 3.13 Designers have a respon
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3.11 Example NEBOSH questions for C
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Safety culture 4.1 Introduction The
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There are various ‘safety climate
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the culture because if there is dis
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Communication is defi ned as: The i
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emergency medical care and rescue w
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on how much people will remember. A
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Individual factors affecting the sc
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on the culture of an organisation.
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Figure 4.11 Consultation with emplo
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esponsibilities are added such as a
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4.9 Human failure Human beings are
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safety in a way that takes their wh
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Principles of risk assessment 5.1 I
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5.2.6 Risk control systems (RCS) Th
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➤ Safety representatives ➤ Desi
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➤ Location inspection: ➤ Site s
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There are a number of methods for e
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Semi-quantitative analysis The use
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the risk controls, particularly wit
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the hazards that arise from the act
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No. Hazards Persons at risk Risk ra
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General principles of control 6.1 I
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Consultation and the arrangements f
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needs. This assessment must also ta
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High 100% Level of supervision Low
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Table 6.1 Sources of information av
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The documentation should be written
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their condition. Once these often l
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The HSE inspector dealing with the
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OXYGEN Always present in the air Ad
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➤ Boilers, internal combustion en
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capable of producing more vapour th
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unburnt fuel (unburnt products of p
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include basements. On these occasio
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7.5 Explosion As the terminology su
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substance in air may cause an explo
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can be broken down into primary and
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Nozzle Ignition Supressor Pressure
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huge fl ammable gas cloud and that
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Number 25 20 15 10 5 0 Electrical C
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8.1.5 Chemical and LPG (hazardous m
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The selection of incorrect plant an
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Flammable substances Risks arise fr
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Arson also often occurs during tea
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Business operations and activities
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Causes and prevention of fi re Tabl
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Figure 8.16 External tank facility
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Figure 8.19 Example of suitable fl
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Ventilation of storage areas Ventil
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➤ All soft furnishings within the
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LPG powered vehicles are becoming m
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Figure 8.28 Site rules poster The c
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Table 8.4 Electrical safety on cons
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Figure 8.30 Tar boiler used to heat
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Appendix 8.1 Example hot work permi
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Appendix 8.2 Example hot work check
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Fire Protection Causes and preventi
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Backdraught - an explosive reaction
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the design and construction of the
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SC SC Fire door Fire-resisting wall
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Figure 9.9 Class A - complete non-c
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potential to reduce the performance
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Table 9.2 Examples of the marking r
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In many cases services and the hole
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inter -mediate standard but small r
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Evacuation time Evacuation procedur
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total uncontrolled evacuation. Typi
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Table 9.5 Density factors given in
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A x B A - B = Stage 1 B - C = Stage
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stairs 3 Actual Travel Distance Dir
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stairs FIRE WALL space in these are
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A A B 45 (2.5 distance CB) B Figu
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this situation it will be necessary
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Therefore all dead-end corridors th
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Number of escape stairs needed is d
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Figure 9.46 Metal fi re escape abov
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Figure 9.50 Sprinklers that moderat
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Table 9.10 Categorisation of emerge
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Sign, Colour & Pictogram Descriptio
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factors all of which should be iden
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are used to prevent accidental disc
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Figure 9.66 Typical warning sign to
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Control valve Valve spring Discharg
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1.5 m 35m Figure 9.72 Plan drawing
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Figure 9.74 Proprietary device for
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All such systems, including the ins
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during periods of sleep (hotels, ho
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➤ A fl oor above 7.5 metres if it
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Less than 50m Dry riser inlet Figur
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9.7 Example questions for Chapter 9
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Appendix 9.2 Limitations on travel
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Detection - is the process of recei
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to the escape routes. Examples of p
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assistance to use the means of esca
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➤ Emergency management strategy
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In the early morning of 22 August 1
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➤ Assisting the safety briefi ng
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signal and be suffi ciently differe
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Fire wardens/marshals Role - the te
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when required. In order to achieve
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equires that employers make what is
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Figure 10.30 Visual and audible com
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were recovering while a disaster fu
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8. Could you raise the alarm if you
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Location: Inspected by: Safety of p
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Figure 11.2 The outcome of a failur
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Each of these factors must be inclu
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Figure 11.5 Records should be kept
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Table 11.3 Overview of a typical in
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➤ Scoping the audit: ➤ This is
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installations, etc. together with c
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When establishing its risk manageme
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Monitoring, auditing and reviewing
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12.1.1 Reasons for investigating fi
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Reactive monitoring - reporting, re
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The amount of time spent on gatheri
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12.1.6 Internal systems for managin
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Dangerous occurrences - any dangero
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Table 12.7 The Fire and Rescue Serv
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Report of Fire KEY Tick the appropr
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Figure 12.15 Appropriate PPE requir
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In any event, clearing the site of
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Part A Reactive monitoring - report
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1 2 Reactive monitoring - reporting
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Figure 13.1 The environmental impac
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Figure 13.3 Contaminated water foll
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available and the nature of any inc
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Figure 13.7 Portable tank mounted o
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Figure 13.11 Fire fi ghting run-off
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Environmental impact of fi re Phosp
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2. EMERGENCY CONTACT DETAILS Emerge
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Environmental impact of fi re 4. CH
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14.2.5 Risk control systems (RCS) A
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14.3.2 Recording the assessment A r
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should be implemented to reduce the
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Figure 14.4 Aerosol container noted
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Worked example 5 - Persons cannot s
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The contents of an emergency plan h
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No. Secondary hazards Persons Risk
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No. Secondary hazards Persons Risk
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Summary of key legal requirements T
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Anyone who designs, manufactures, i
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Table 15.1 Offences and penalties r
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pollution control (IPC), and those
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undertakers to ensure an adequate s
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➤ Require any person present on t
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15.11.1 Regulation 3 - The meaning
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Child resistant A closure which mee
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15.3.1 Defi nitions The following d
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➤ Allowing suffi cient time withi
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15.14.6 Stability of structures All
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15.14.20 Fresh air Suitable and suf
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Table 15.3 General criteria for sit
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➤ Where the substance is hazardou
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Where the employer can demonstrate
Page 782: (c) the circumstances of the work i
Page 786: 15.18.2 Systems, work activities an
Page 790: ➤ Appliances must be so designed
Page 794: 15.22 The Health and Safety (First-
Page 798: Where the review identifi es that c
Page 802: 15.24.12 Employees’ duties - regu
Page 806: The regulations may be divided into
Page 810: ➤ Appropriate protection measures
Page 814: A competent person can only be rega
Page 818: ➤ Any person not at work sufferin
Page 822: ➤ Post a notice stating the compo
Page 826: A copy of the technical fi le must
Page 830: ➤ Separate for men and women (exc
Page 836: This page intentionally left blank
Page 840: Index BS 5539 Part 1, Monitoring fi
Page 844: Index Demolition work, contributes
Page 848: Index Fencing, as a security strate
Page 852: Index Fire risk assessment process
Page 856: Index Hazardous Installation Direct
Page 860: Index Montreal Protocol, 221 Motiva
Page 864: Index Risk matrix: for determining
Page 868: Index SSOW (Safe systems of work),
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