Introduction to Fire Safety Management

Index
Montreal Protocol, 221
Motivation, 78
factors in achieving better safety
performance at work, 78
Near misses, 284, 286
level of investigation, 287–8
Negligence, 18–21
contributory negligence, 21
defences against claims for
compensation due to, 20–1
duty of ‘reasonable care’ breached,
19
considerations guiding the
reasonable man, 19
loss sustained, 20
what is a reasonable man, 19
duty of ‘reasonable care’ owed, 18–19
neighbour principle established
(Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932)),
18–19
employer’s liability, 20
Limitations Act 1980 applies, 21
vicarious liability, 20
Neighbours, and the aftermath of fi res,
303
Occupancy, infl uencing design
standards of means of escape,
191–4
Approved Document B, guidance
on means of escape of purpose
groups, 191, 238
density factor, 192–4
assistance of Approved Document
B in calculations, 192–4
defi ned, 192
usable fl oor space, 193
distribution of occupants, 192
number of occupants, 192
Occupational health and safety,
defi ned, 1
Occupiers’ Liability Acts 1957, duties of
occupiers under, 9, 355
Occupiers’ Liability Acts 1984,
extension of duties of occupiers,
9, 355
Offences and penalties, 349
OHSAS 18001 (integrated management
system), 26, 276
OPSI (Offi ce of Public Sector
Information), 25
Organisation structures:
impacting on how safety is managed,
76
ineffective or inappropriate, common
problems with, 76
Organisations:
creating role ambiguity, 72
culture of, 74
economic pressures and safety
culture, 73
effective use of SSOWs as part of
risk control strategy, 108
formal and informal sub-groups, 76
confl ict may exist between, 76
414
need to be supportive of the safety
culture, 76
and human behaviour, 75–8
monitoring levels of competence, 67
promoting a negative safety culture,
72
safety cultures of, 59–61
safety ethos refl ected across range
of communication media, 81
should adopt systematic approach to
risk assessment, 87–8
structured/designed in different
ways, 76
clearly defi ned responsibilities for
safety essential, 76
why they should bother to investigate
fi re/adverse events, 285
Oxygen:
can infl uence fi re behaviour, 117, 120
and fi re growth rate, 125
oxidisers and oxidising agents, 120
Passive infrared (PIR) detectors, 144
PAT testing, 138, 148, 149
PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls),
effects of exposure to, 313
People:
ensuring safe evacuation of in event
of fi re detection, 249–55
emergency instructions, 253
the emergency plan, 249–51
layout of escape routes, 253
rehearsal, 253–4
warning signals, 251–3
and groups at risk, 332
infl uencing safe evacuation,
characteristics of, 244–7
building design features, 246–7
fi re effl uent/heat, 246
initial reaction, 245–6
physical condition, 244–5
sensory condition, 244
stakeholding, 246
state of consciousness, 245
lone working, 110
perception and behaviour of in the
event of fi re, 240–9
characteristics pf people
infl uencing safe evacuation,
244–7
crowd movement, 247–9
principles of sensory perception,
240–1
time required for escape, 242–3
SSOW designed for, 109
see also Emergency evacuation
procedures; Evacuation
strategies and procedures
Perception:
interpreting/making use of
information, 78
of risk, individual will differ, 86
Perfl uorooctane sulfonate (PFOS),
bioaccumulative and toxic to
mammals, 313–14
Permit to work system, 111, 156
to support isolation procedures, 52
Person Protective Equipment
Regulations (1992), 385–6
Personal emergency escape/evacuation
plans (PEEPs), 191
for the disabled, 102, 255, 260, 264–5
Personal protective equipment (PPE),
9, 104–5
benefi ts to its use, 105
Personality, 77
attitude a facet of, 77–8
Persons in premises unaware of fi re,
335–6
obstruction of an alarm sounder, 335
Persons unable to safely evacuate for a
fi re, 337
provision of evac chairs, 337
PFPF (Passive Fire Protection
Federation), 26
Piper Alpha production platform, results
of commercial pressure, 74
Pipes, ventilation ducts and other
services, 184–5
availability of proprietary fi re stopping
and sealing systems, 185
fi re dampers, 185
Planned preventive maintenance (PPM)
programmes, 51, 149
Pollution incident response plan, 324–7
Pollution Prevention and Control Act
1999, 315
Pollution, sources of in the event of fi re,
312–14
Portable appliance testing see PAT
testing
Portable tanks, as emergency
contaminated water containers,
319
Premises:
joint occupation, 44–5
duties extend to self-employed, 44
duties of responsible person, 45
each party has absolute legal
duties, 44
one employer in control, lead role
in fi re safety arrangements, 45
persons in control of, 43–4
controller may need to exercise
some form of entry control, 44
duties under section 4 of the
HSWA, 43
identifi ed by RRFSO, 44
Preventing Falls in Scaffolding in False
Work, SG4:05, 7
Prevention of fi re see Fire prevention
Production demands, leading to short
cuts in safety, 74
Protected route, defi ned, 173
Purpose groups, consideration of in
means of escape, 191, 238
PUWER (Provision and Use of Work
Equipment Regulations 1998), 7,
16, 50–2, 386–9
emergency controls, 52
information, instruction and training,
51