Introduction to Fire Safety Management

emergency voice communications
(EVC) systems, 251–2
needs simple system for confi rmation
and activation of emergency
procedure, 251
for people with impaired hearing,
252
may be provided as portable
equipment (radio pagers), 252
visual alarm systems may be
necessary, 252
portable alarm devices,
supplementing primary warning
system, 252–3
visual alarm systems, 252
beacons, 252
Fire in the workplace, following
response procedures, 32
Fire-related events:
investigations, 293–5
types of events, 293–5
reporting of, 292–3
dangerous occurrences, 293
personal injuries, 292
types of accidental fi res, 293–4
deliberately set fi res, 294
false alarms, 294–5
types of, 293–5
Fire-related investigation procedures,
basic, 295–302
arson prevention, 302
equipment faults, 296
fi re investigation process, 300–1
health and safety when investigating,
298–9
human errors, 296
identifying causes and risk control
measures, 301–2
investigating cause of false alarms,
295
investigating causes of fi res, 296,
297, 307–10
liaison with other parties, 299–300
malicious acts, 296
powers of the Fire and Rescue
Service, 298
supplementary powers, 298
preserving the scene, 299
the process, 295–6
Fire-related investigation procedures,
basic .activities near detectors,
296
Fires:
dealing with the aftermath, 302–3
business continuity, 303
employees, 303
neighbours, 03
the site, 302–3
deliberately set, 294
economic cost of in UK, 285
identifying causes and risk control
measures, 301–2
fi re risk control strategies, 301–2
root causes, 301
investigating causes of, 296, 297,
307–10
preservation of scene undisturbed,
299
reporting:
all should be reported to local Fire
Service, 299
joint investigations, 300
some fi res must be reported to
HSE under RIDDOR, 299
self-extinguishing, 298
Fires, accidental, 136–41
analysis of supposed causes, 293–4
chemical and LPG (hazardous
materials), 139
CHIP 2000 classifi cations of
dangerous substances, 139
LPG gas cylinders a serious risk,
139
cookers, associated cooking
equipment and installations,
137–8
failure of heat controlling devices,
138
gas cookers, fi res caused by faulty
systems, 138
electrical appliances and
installations, 136–7
electric ‘arcing’ (or sparking), 137
loose wiring connections, 137
overloaded wiring, 136–7
heaters and heating systems, 138
naked lights and fl ames, 138
halogen lighting, 138
inappropriate use of lighting units,
138
naked fl ames and human error, 138
other signifi cant hazards, 140–1
electrostatic discharges, 140
lightning strikes, 140
poorly maintained mechanical
equipment, 140
poor design and installation, 138
smokers and smokers’ materials, 140
types of, 293–4
vehicle fi res, 141
combustible materials in, 141
waste and waste management
systems, 140
poor disposal arrangements, 140
Fires and other adverse events, 284–91
basic investigation procedures,
287–90
agreeing and implementing an
action plan, 290
analysing information, 289
establishing the cause, 288
gathering information, 288–9
identifying risk control measures,
289–90
involving others, 288
level of investigation, 287–8
sources of information, 289
categories of injury causation, 286–7
classifi cation of adverse events, 286
near misses, 286
internal systems for managing
adverse event data, 291
Index
reasons for investigation, 285
role and function of investigation,
285–6
policy requirements, 285–6
Fires and road traffi c accidents, 353
Firewater run-off, 320–1
generation and containment, 321
Flame propagation, most common
mode defl agration, 127
Flammable liquids, 139, 165
external storage, 151, 152
management of works involving,
156
Flammable materials/substances,
126
effective management of prior to
starting operations, 156
fi re risk in construction and
maintenance, 143
inadequate arrangements for safe
waste disposal, 143
lack of competency in use, 143
provision of Materials Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS), 120–1
Flashover, defi ned, 172
FPA (Fire Protection Association), 26
data from the insurance industry, 92
FRSA (Fire and Rescue Services Act
(2004)), 17, 298, 352–5
Fuel, defi nition, 116
Fuel hazard, aerosol containers:
immediate action, 334
limited control measures, 334–5
need to reduce number of aerosols
stores, 335
Fuel/air cloud:
confi ned:
accelerating fl ame front, 128
weak ignition source, slow burning
defl agration, 128
unconfi ned and unobstructed, fl ame
velocity, 128
Gas Appliances (Safety) Regulations
(1992), 378–9
Gas explosions, 127, 130, 131
Gas Safety (Installation and Use)
Regulations (1998), 379
Gas systems/appliances, likely to
become ‘fail safe’, 149
Glass, use of in buildings, 180–1
glazing system requirements for
gasses vary, 180–1
insulating glass, 180
non-insulating glass, 180
Halogen lighting, 138, 150, 162
Halon gases in fl ooding systems:
replacement, HFC-227ea fi re
suppression agent, 221
use discontinued, 221
Harm, defi ned, 84
Hazard:
defi ned, 2, 84
presents risk, causing accident/injury,
ill health, damage or loss, 90
411