Introduction to Fire Safety Management

safety role and responsibilities
variable, 42
statutory duties of employees, 41, 42
Employers:
duties imposed by criminal and civil
law, 37–8, 346–9, 355–6
groups considered ‘neighbours’ of,
19
other information co be
communicated outside an
organisation, 67
requirement to ensure arrangements
made with external services,
66–7
responsible for putting together
emergency response plans, 114
should take advantage of
technological advances to
control risk, 73
work equipment to conform to EU
standards and requirements, 51
see also HSWA (Health and Safety at
Work.… Act (1974))
Employers and employees:
absolute duties, 8
practicable duties, 8
reasonably practicable duties, 8
Employers’ Liability (Compulsory
Insurance) Act (1969), 355–6
Enforcement notices, 348
Environment, in a SSOW, 110
Environment Act (1995), 356
Environment Agency, movement of
special waste consignments,
320
Environment and fi re see Fire,
environmental impact of
Environmental Protection Act (1990),
16, 160, 350–2
authority for handling waste, 352
BATNEEC – best environmental
technique not entailing excessive
cost, 351
BPEO (best practicable
environmental option), 351
defi nitions, 350
part 1, integrated pollution control
(IPC), 350–1
part 2, waste on land, 351–2
Equipment:
and lone working, 110
SSOW designed for, 109
Equipment faults, and false alarms, 296
Escape:
acceptable means, 205–6
generally unacceptable means, 206
stages of in cellular planning, 196
stages of in open planning, 195
see also Means of escape
Escape exits, 200–3
alternative escape routes – the 45º
rule, 200–1
options, 200–1
break glass locks, 202–3
calculating exit capacity, 200
doors on escape routes, 201
securing mechanisms for emergency
escape doors, 201–3
width of, 249
Escape facilities for the disabled,
109–10
Escape, means of see means of escape
Escape routes:
component parts, 195
design of, 173
layout of, 253
Escape routes, external, 208–9
escape by means of a fl at roof,
conditions, 208, 209
external stairs, 208, 209
recommendations, 208
Escape routes, protection of, 203–8
acceptable means of escape, 205–6
access to storey exits, 203–5
generally unacceptable means of
escape, 206
stairways, 206–8
Escape, time required for, 242–3
evacuation, phases of, 242
pre-movement behaviours, 242–3
dependent on perception of risk,
242
examples, 243
travel behaviours, 243
decision to evacuate, 243
‘travel time determinants’, 243
Europe, fi re safety legislation, 2
European Harmonised Standard EN50
020, 147
Evacuation strategies and procedures,
190–1
progressive evacuation strategy, 191
hospitals and residential care
homes, 191
progressive horizontal evacuation,
191
zoned evacuation, 191
total evacuation strategy, 190–1
total phased evacuation, 191
in high-rise buildings, 191, 195
total simultaneous evacuation, 190–1
single stage evacuation, 190
two-staged evacuation, 190–1
see also Emergency evacuation
procedures; People, ensuring
safe evacuation of in event of fi re
detection; Safe evacuation
Explosion, 127–34
defl agration, detonation and
explosive atmospheres, 127–9
explosive limits and the fl ammable/
explosion range, 128–9
explosive conditions, 129–31
determining amount and likelihood
of creating an explosive
atmosphere, 129–30
secondary repercussions, 130–1
types of materials often causing
dust explosions, 129
gas explosions, 127, 130, 131
Index
gases present an explosion risk, 120
mechanism of, 127
dust and gas explosions, 127
pressure generated by combustion
wave, 127–8
principles of explosion management,
131–4
suppression of, 132–3
terminology, 127
venting, 132
hazards caused by, 132
see also Fire and explosion,
principles of
Explosion management, principles of,
131–4
control, 131
addition of inert gases, 131
avoidance/reduction of potentially
explosive materials, 131
design and construction, equipment,
protective systems and systems
components, 131
leak detection systems, 131
dilution by ventilation, 131–2
avoidance of ignition sources, 132
management of dust
accumulations, 132
minimising electrostatic sparks, 132
use of non-sparking/spark-proof
equipment, 132
DSEAR regulation 6(4), 131
mitigation, 132–3
explosion suppression, 132–3
explosion venting, 132
housekeeping in relation to
removal of dust, 133
plant layout and classifi cation of
zones, 133–4
zones for gases and vapours, 133
zones for dusts, 134
Explosive atmosphere, 127, 129–30
ignition sources, 130
Explosive limits and the fl ammable/
explosion range, 128–9
lower explosion limit (LEL), 129
upper explosion limit (UEL), 129
Failure modes and effects analysis
(FMEA), 108
False alarms, 284, 294–5, 355
defi ned, 1
investigating cause of, 295–6
activities near detectors, 296
equipment faults, 296
human errors, 296
malicious acts, 296
process, 295–6
keeping records of, 296, 311
limiting of, 231
more normal experience, 241
recorded in system log book, 295
sample report form, 311
Familiarity/complacency, with risk
assessments, 86
Fault tree analysis, 108
407