gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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$500 $450 $400 $350 $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 Figure 21: Average Adult Albertan Yearly Gambling Expenditure on Different Forms of Gambling (in 2010 Dollars). $0 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 Horse Racing Raffles Pull Tickets 1990 1992 Bingo Ticket Lotteries Video Lottery Terminals Slot Machines Casino Table Games 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 100
Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by Demographic Characteristics The next issue to examine regarding where the money comes from concerns gambling revenue as a function of demographic characteristics. For this we have to look at the population surveys of gambling in Alberta that were conducted in 1992, 1993, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, and 2009. The details of these studies are contained in Appendix B. It is important to remember that findings in one year are not perfectly comparable to findings in other years due to the fact that a) response rates to survey participation are different between years (with progressively lower rates in later years); b) weighting the obtained sample against household size and known demographic characteristics of the population to correct for sampling biases was not done in some survey years (1992, 1993, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005) and c) questions were often asked in slightly different ways each time. Table 18 provides rates of past year participation in gambling and each form of gambling in each survey year. 37 The first thing of note is that a large majority of the population has participated in one or more forms of gambling over the past 20 years. The second thing of note is that participation rates vary considerably as a function of game type. While about 3/5 people purchase lottery tickets and 2/5 participate in raffles; only about 1/3 of people purchase instant win tickets; 1/5 engage in social gambling; 1/7 gamble at out-of-province casinos or play slot machines; 1/8 play VLTs; 1/11 bet on sports, purchase high risk stocks, or play casino table games; 1/20 play bingo; 1/25 bet on horse racing; and about 1/35 engage in Internet gambling. The third thing of note is that participation rates in some games have been stable over time, while others have varied (with this stability or variation mirroring changes previously reported regarding the availability of different forms of gambling and the revenue they have generated). Lotteries, raffles, and possibly instant win tickets have lost some of their popularity since the early 1990s, which may account for a slight decline in overall gambling participation rates. The lower rates of gambling participation obtained after 2000 (i.e., 70 – 77%) compared to before 2000 (87 – 90%) is at least partly due to not asking about purchase of raffle tickets as a form of gambling in these later surveys. However, there also appears to be a genuine decrease in overall participation, as seen by the decline in household participation rates in Statistics Canada Survey of Household Spending (SHS) from 1997 to 2008. (Although there are problems with the accuracy of the SHS data, the biases are consistent across time periods). Somewhat counter intuitively, there has been an increase in travel to out-of-province casinos subsequent to the wide scale introduction of domestic Alberta casinos. Participation in slot machines appears to be relatively stable in the past 10 years, whereas VLT participation appears to have declined since the early 1990s. Bingo and horse racing have experienced declining participation throughout this time period. By contrast, Internet gambling was virtually nonexistent prior to 37 The online panel surveys listed in Appendix B are not included in this table, as research conducted by the present authors has found them not to provide reliable measures of population prevalence (i.e., they produce significantly higher rates of pathology, including problem gambling, because members of online panels are not generally representative of the population, except on basic demographic variables. Similarly, data from the yearly Survey of Household Spending by Statistics Canada (1997 to present) is not used because the questions asked about combined forms of gambling together and about ‘household’ rather than individual participation/expenditure. 101
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
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SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
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Again, other ways of organizing and
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4. The transfer of wealth and chang
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Compare Changes to those Observed i
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to document prior gambling opportun
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Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
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Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
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1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
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1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
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1980s There is a major expansion of
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1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
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1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
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2003 Federal agriculture minister m
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HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
Page 49 and 50: Number of Live Race Days per Year I
Page 51 and 52: Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
Page 53 and 54: Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
Page 55 and 56: Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
Page 57 and 58: Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
Page 59 and 60: Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
Page 61 and 62: Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
Page 63 and 64: Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
Page 65 and 66: 1996 Slot machines and electronic h
Page 67 and 68: The main indices that speak to chan
Page 69 and 70: Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
Page 71 and 72: REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
Page 73 and 74: HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
Page 75 and 76: CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
Page 77 and 78: aggregate value of all tickets sold
Page 79 and 80: ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
Page 81 and 82: CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
Page 83 and 84: percentage of table game revenue re
Page 85 and 86: Figure 15. Location of Current and
Page 87 and 88: HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
Page 89 and 90: Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
Page 91 and 92: AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 93 and 94: Another way of looking at the overa
Page 95 and 96: increase has occurred since the ear
Page 97 and 98: WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
Page 99: Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
Page 103 and 104: Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
Page 105 and 106: EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
Page 107 and 108: Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
Page 109 and 110: winsorized then 75% of reported exp
Page 111 and 112: Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
Page 113 and 114: patronage and revenue. Attendance f
Page 115 and 116: However, less important than the ac
Page 117 and 118: Because of the paramount importance
Page 119 and 120: Actual Revenue Another source of da
Page 121 and 122: Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
Page 123 and 124: WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
Page 125 and 126: industry. The proportion of gamblin
Page 127 and 128: Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
Page 129 and 130: since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
Page 131 and 132: IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
Page 133 and 134: ‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
Page 135 and 136: Several factors influence the perce
Page 137 and 138: There are also some important lesso
Page 139 and 140: Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
Page 141 and 142: Figure 31: Number of Charities per
Page 143 and 144: IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
Page 145 and 146: Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
Page 147 and 148: Table 34: North American Industry C
Page 149 and 150: Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
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Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
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their shared variance is taken into
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Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
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The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
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Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
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It is important to remember that th
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Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
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early 1990s, that was followed by a
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Table 54: Correlation between Crime
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Infrastructure Value The private se
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With respect to this first possibil
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increase in the comparison periods;
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Census Division Table 57: Business
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versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
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thinking in an interpretative act;
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The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
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Several community representatives a
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daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
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Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
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McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
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Problem Gambling A recent review of
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Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
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Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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