gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

More documents

Recommendations

Info

not’ provinces and spends a portion of its revenue outside of Canada (various foreign ventures and debt financing/repayment). (Note: Alberta has been debt free since 2005). Community ‘Charity’ Group Disbursement Figure 28 (p. 125) shows that the thousands of different community ‘charity’ groups spread throughout the province have the second largest amount of gambling revenue to disburse. All of this money is spent to support the primary functions of the community group as well as internal administrative costs of providing the gambling. Thus, similar to provincial government gambling revenue disbursement, it is fair to say that that the citizens of Alberta are again the primary recipients and beneficiaries of ‘community group’ revenue disbursement. First Nations Disbursement The disbursement of monies from First Nations gambling revenues (after commitments and commissions have been paid) is covered in the First Nations section of this report. Here, too, these disbursements represent money spent on (First Nations) citizens of Alberta. Private Operator Disbursement Private operators in Alberta receive a relatively small portion of overall gambling revenue compared to many other (non-Canadian) jurisdictions (roughly 16 – 17% since 2001). A sizeable portion of these profits are spent on wages, primarily for locally employed people to staff the casinos, VLT bars, and lottery retail outlets (all of which benefits Albertans). In other jurisdictions it would be instructive to further establish how much of the remaining profits leave the jurisdiction to shareholders (i.e., for casinos) and/or to purchase out-of-jurisdiction supplies. However, in Alberta, the amounts involved are too small (relative to overall Alberta gambling revenue) to be consequential. Horse Racing Disbursement Figure 28 (p. 125) illustrates that a comparatively small amount of money is available for disbursement by the horse racing industry. All of this money is spent in Alberta to support Alberta horse breeding, raising and racing. Two recent studies of the economic impacts of horse racing in Alberta shed light on how these revenues are disbursed (Econometric Research, 2001; Serecon Management, 2009). Federal Government Disbursement The roughly $30 to $35 million in Alberta gambling revenue provided to the federal government each year is money leaving Alberta, representing a potential economic loss. However, a portion of this is returned in the form of federal services. In any case, the amounts involved are fairly insignificant (roughly 1.3% of total gambling revenue). 130
IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS ON THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT The previous section has made it clear that the large majority of gambling revenue in Alberta since 1994 has been received and disbursed by the provincial government. Thus, the provincial government is one of the sectors that potentially experiences the largest ‘impacts’ of legal gambling. (Note: Williams, Rehm, & Stevens (2011) have documented that increased government revenue is the most consistent impact of gambling introduction across all studies investigating the socioeconomic impacts of gambling). Financial Impacts To evaluate the potential financial magnitude of this impact, Figure 29 illustrates the percentage that annual gambling revenue has represented to overall Alberta government revenue over time. This data is derived from Statistics Canada, which tabulates provincial government revenue in a standardized way across provinces and across time periods. Data is available from 1989 to the present time. Statistics Canada defines Alberta government gambling revenue as money deposited into the Alberta Lottery Fund, and thus does not include corporate tax revenue from casinos and racetracks which is listed under Amusement Tax. However, in Alberta, amusement tax revenue amounts are very small, averaging between $7 and $12 million a year from 1981 to 1996, and ‘0’ from 1997 to present. 60 Figure 29 illustrates that gambling revenue represented only about 1% of government revenue from 1989 to 1993. This did increase significantly from 1993 to 1999 coincident with the influx of revenue from VLTs and slot machines, and has been in the range of 4 – 5% from 1998 to the present time. For the past 10 years the percentage of revenue derived from gambling has been roughly equivalent to percentage of revenue the government receives from its taxes and profits on alcohol and tobacco, as well as the percentage of revenue it receives from property taxes. Thus, even though there has been a steep and steady increase in government gambling revenue from 1993 to 2008 (even in inflation-adjusted dollars), it is important to recognize that there have been coincident increases in more important sources of provincial government revenue in this same time period that have continued to minimize gambling’s overall contribution to provincial coffers. To be sure, the magnitude increase in government gambling revenue from 1989 to 2009 is much higher than other sources (i.e., this same Statistics Canada 60 Statistics Canada Table 384-0007. Taxes on production and imports, provincial economic accounts, annual. CANSIM (database). 131
Page 1 and 2:
Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
Page 3 and 4:
Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
Page 5 and 6:
AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 7 and 8:
ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
Page 9 and 10:
Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
Page 11 and 12:
than empirical in nature. Thus, the
Page 13 and 14:
While the above described approach
Page 15 and 16:
census. A supplemental Online Gener
Page 17 and 18:
THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
Page 19 and 20:
Aside from these practical issues,
Page 21 and 22:
SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
Page 23 and 24:
Again, other ways of organizing and
Page 25 and 26:
4. The transfer of wealth and chang
Page 27 and 28:
Compare Changes to those Observed i
Page 29 and 30:
to document prior gambling opportun
Page 31 and 32:
Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
Page 33 and 34:
Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
Page 35 and 36:
1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
Page 37 and 38:
1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
Page 39 and 40:
1980s There is a major expansion of
Page 41 and 42:
1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
Page 43 and 44:
1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
Page 45 and 46:
2003 Federal agriculture minister m
Page 47 and 48:
HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
Page 49 and 50:
Number of Live Race Days per Year I
Page 51 and 52:
Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
Page 53 and 54:
Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
Page 55 and 56:
Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
Page 57 and 58:
Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
Page 59 and 60:
Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
Page 61 and 62:
Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
Page 63 and 64:
Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
Page 65 and 66:
1996 Slot machines and electronic h
Page 67 and 68:
The main indices that speak to chan
Page 69 and 70:
Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
Page 71 and 72:
REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
Page 73 and 74:
HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
Page 75 and 76:
CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
Page 77 and 78:
aggregate value of all tickets sold
Page 79 and 80: ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
Page 81 and 82: CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
Page 83 and 84: percentage of table game revenue re
Page 85 and 86: Figure 15. Location of Current and
Page 87 and 88: HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
Page 89 and 90: Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
Page 91 and 92: AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 93 and 94: Another way of looking at the overa
Page 95 and 96: increase has occurred since the ear
Page 97 and 98: WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
Page 99 and 100: Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
Page 101 and 102: Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
Page 103 and 104: Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
Page 105 and 106: EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
Page 107 and 108: Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
Page 109 and 110: winsorized then 75% of reported exp
Page 111 and 112: Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
Page 113 and 114: patronage and revenue. Attendance f
Page 115 and 116: However, less important than the ac
Page 117 and 118: Because of the paramount importance
Page 119 and 120: Actual Revenue Another source of da
Page 121 and 122: Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
Page 123 and 124: WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
Page 125 and 126: industry. The proportion of gamblin
Page 127 and 128: Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
Page 129: since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
Page 133 and 134: ‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
Page 135 and 136: Several factors influence the perce
Page 137 and 138: There are also some important lesso
Page 139 and 140: Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
Page 141 and 142: Figure 31: Number of Charities per
Page 143 and 144: IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
Page 145 and 146: Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
Page 147 and 148: Table 34: North American Industry C
Page 149 and 150: Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
Page 151 and 152: percentage of the population (i.e.,
Page 153 and 154: Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
Page 155 and 156: 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
Page 157 and 158: Although Albertans are satisfied wi
Page 159 and 160: A final attitude question asked in
Page 161 and 162: Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
Page 163 and 164: Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
Page 165 and 166: Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
Page 167 and 168: Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
Page 169 and 170: significant change in reported casi
Page 171 and 172: Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
Page 173 and 174: their shared variance is taken into
Page 175 and 176: Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
Page 177 and 178: The only readily available figures
Page 179 and 180: OSB reports there were a total of 7
Page 181 and 182:
Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
Page 183 and 184:
Another approach is to establish th
Page 185 and 186:
that gambling had resulted in separ
Page 187 and 188:
Applying these prevalence rates to
Page 189 and 190:
gambling-related illegal acts and 8
Page 191 and 192:
It is important to remember that th
Page 193 and 194:
Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
Page 195 and 196:
early 1990s, that was followed by a
Page 197 and 198:
Table 54: Correlation between Crime
Page 199 and 200:
Infrastructure Value The private se
Page 201 and 202:
With respect to this first possibil
Page 203 and 204:
increase in the comparison periods;
Page 205 and 206:
Census Division Table 57: Business
Page 207 and 208:
versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
Page 209 and 210:
thinking in an interpretative act;
Page 211 and 212:
The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
Page 213 and 214:
Several community representatives a
Page 215 and 216:
daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
Page 217 and 218:
Increased crime was a related issue
Page 219 and 220:
IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
Page 221 and 222:
Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
Page 223 and 224:
Table 60: Distributions to Differen
Page 225 and 226:
Table 60 illustrates that the large
Page 227 and 228:
McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
Page 229 and 230:
Geographical Distribution As seen i
Page 231 and 232:
Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
Page 233 and 234:
Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
Page 235 and 236:
etter skilled individuals in the co
Page 237 and 238:
Problem Gambling A recent review of
Page 239 and 240:
Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
Page 241 and 242:
$500 chip. One municipal official c
Page 243 and 244:
Both the increased affluence and th
Page 245 and 246:
The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
Page 247 and 248:
The fire department also represents
Page 249 and 250:
chances. One official stated that t
Page 251 and 252:
With the exception of 2006-2007, th
Page 253 and 254:
Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
Page 255 and 256:
(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
Page 257 and 258:
SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
Page 259 and 260:
1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
Page 261 and 262:
can be said of charitable gambling
Page 263 and 264:
Because revenue from charity casino
Page 265 and 266:
Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
Page 267 and 268:
Despite the relatively low rates of
Page 269 and 270:
supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
Page 271 and 272:
Some of these sentiments tend to su
Page 273 and 274:
communities highlight the casinos a
Page 275 and 276:
ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
Page 277 and 278:
2. The economic activity increases
Page 279 and 280:
OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
Page 281 and 282:
OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
Page 283 and 284:
however, that the potential for bri
Page 285 and 286:
REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
Page 287 and 288:
Centre for Social and Health Outcom
Page 289 and 290:
Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
Page 291 and 292:
Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
Page 293 and 294:
Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
Page 295 and 296:
2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
Page 297 and 298:
General Population Targeted INELIGI
Page 299 and 300:
are interested in the opinions of b
Page 301 and 302:
PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
Page 303 and 304:
GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
Page 305 and 306:
Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
Page 307 and 308:
GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
Page 309 and 310:
GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
Page 311 and 312:
GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
Page 313 and 314:
GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
Page 315 and 316:
GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
Page 317 and 318:
The following question only asked o
Page 319 and 320:
TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
Page 321 and 322:
Exact amount________________ (17) U
Page 323 and 324:
2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
Page 325 and 326:
C11. Do you have pleasant memories
Page 327 and 328:
SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
Page 329 and 330:
2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
Page 331 and 332:
1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
Page 333 and 334:
8. In the past 12 months, have you
Page 335 and 336:
Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
Page 337:
7. A thorough due diligence investi
show all

gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?