gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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Table 51: Reported Criminal Offences as a Function of City and Year. Lethbridge 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 TOTAL Property Crimes (PC) N/A 5,448 5,195 6,077 5,730 5,708 28,158 Gambling-Related PC N/A 0 32 20 24 15 91 Crimes against Persons (CP) N/A 958 935 1,185 1,271 1,447 5,796 Gambling-Related CP N/A 0 8 6 6 9 29 Vice Crimes (VC) N/A 320 898 86 754 884 941 3,797 Gambling-Related VC N/A 1 6 12 11 8 38 Impaired Motor Vehicle Operation (IMVO) N/A 471 239 258 314 309 1,591 Gambling-Related IMVO N/A 0 6 11 1 5 23 Other Gambling-Related Incidents N/A 0 9 17 10 10 46 TOTAL INCIDENTS N/A 7,197 7,267 8,274 8,199 8,405 39,342 TOTAL GAMBLING-RELATED INCIDENTS N/A 1 61 66 52 47 227 Medicine Hat 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 87 TOTAL Property Crimes (PC) 3,433 2,592 2,862 2,800 2,400 2,548 16,635 Gambling-Related PC 23 16 12 17 15 10 93 Crimes against Persons (CP) 532 531 598 638 663 773 3,735 Gambling-Related CP 3 0 3 4 3 4 17 Vice Crimes (VC) 419 483 431 594 626 557 3,110 Gambling-Related VC 4 5 5 7 5 1 27 Impaired Motor Vehicle Operation (IMVO) 183 173 187 272 294 349 1,458 Gambling-Related IMVO 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Other Gambling-Related Incidents 1 3 3 2 2 1 12 TOTAL INCIDENTS 4,567 3,779 4,078 4,304 3,983 4,227 24,938 TOTAL GAMBLING-RELATED INCIDENTS 32 25 24 31 26 13 151 Both Communities Combined 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 TOTAL Property Crimes (PC) 3,433 8,040 8,057 8,877 8,130 8,256 41,793 Gambling-Related PC 23 16 44 37 39 25 184 Crimes against Persons (CP) 532 1,489 1,533 1,823 1,934 2,220 9,531 Gambling-Related CP 3 0 11 10 9 13 46 Vice Crimes (VC) 419 803 1,329 1,348 1,510 1,498 6,907 Gambling-Related VC 4 6 11 19 16 9 65 Impaired Motor Vehicle Operation (IMVO) 183 644 426 530 608 658 3,049 Gambling-Related IMVO 1 1 7 12 2 6 29 Other Gambling-Related Incidents 1 3 12 19 12 11 58 TOTAL INCIDENTS (4,567) 10,976 11,345 12,578 12,182 12,632 64,280 TOTAL GAMBLING-RELATED INCIDENTS (32) 26 85 97 78 60 378 86 The significant change in rates under vice crimes between 2005 and 2006 is due to a change in LRPS records system. In 2005 public consumption and public intoxication is not captured in this figure. 87 2009 data for Medicine Hat is missing data from Nov and Dec. To compensate for these missing months the authors took the average occurrence per month from January 1 st , 2009 to October 31 st 2009 and applied this average to November and December 2009 to create a full year. 190
It is important to remember that the figures in Table 51 represent incidents that are directly caused by gambling as well as incidents that are associated with gambling in some way. Thus, further scrutiny of these events is needed to better understand their nature. Detailed analysis established that the large majority of these incidents represented offences that had been identified in the key word search because the offence occurred in a gambling venue (i.e., casino) or in the immediate vicinity of a gambling venue. This was true for 276 out of the 378 total incidents (73.0%). As speculated earlier, it is quite possible that gambling venues either attract people with greater criminal tendencies and/or provide more opportunities for criminal activity. However, the actual causal role of the gambling venue is difficult to establish in most of these situations. In fact, there were only 62 cases among the entire data set where the report contained enough information such that the criminal offence could be unambiguously attributed to gamblingproblems. Twenty one of these cases (33.9%) involved Domestic Violence due to gambling. Eighteen cases (29.0%) involved Fraud. These fraud cases ranged from not paying a taxi driver because of insufficient funds to fraudulently obtaining $83,000 from an employer to support gambling. (The average monetary amount involved in these cases was $18,972). Seventeen cases (27.4%) involved Theft Under $5000. Average amount stolen to support gambling in these cases was $898 (median of $180). Five cases (8.1%) involved Theft Over $5000. Four out of 5 of these cases involved employees stealing from their employers (average of $20,750 stolen for all 5). Finally, there was one case of Break and Enter (1.6%). There were also 7 suicide attempts related to gambling. The majority of these individuals were young males. One was a college student who was despondent because he had spent all his student loan money on gambling. There were 4 cases of child neglect related to gambling, with the child (age 2.5 to 6) being left in the car while the parent gambled. Two of these involved mothers playing VLTs. The present analysis has some similarities and some differences with the results of the Smith et al. (2003) study. The most important difference is that 62.5% of the 208 gambling-related incidents reported in Smith et al. (2003) involved passing counterfeit currency, whereas there were no such gambling-related incidents identified in the present study. The high rate of counterfeiting in Smith et al. (2003) was attributed to the fact that counterfeit bills would presumably be less likely to be detected in the high volumes of cash that are circulated in gambling venues. Aside from this important difference, there were several similarities between the two studies in terms of the most common gambling-related incidents. Smith et al. (2003) found that fraud-related offences were the second most common gambling-related offence (22.1% of the 208 incidents), domestic disputes were the third most common (7.7% of the 208 incidents), and suicides and attempted suicides were the fourth most common (1.9% of the 208 incidents). Theft, which was an important category in the present study, was not assessed in Smith et al. (2003). 191
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
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SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
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Again, other ways of organizing and
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4. The transfer of wealth and chang
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Compare Changes to those Observed i
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to document prior gambling opportun
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Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
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Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
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1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
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1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
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1980s There is a major expansion of
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1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
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1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
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2003 Federal agriculture minister m
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HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
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Number of Live Race Days per Year I
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Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
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Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
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Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
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Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
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Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
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Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
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Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
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1996 Slot machines and electronic h
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The main indices that speak to chan
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Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
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REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
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HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
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CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
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aggregate value of all tickets sold
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ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
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CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
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percentage of table game revenue re
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Figure 15. Location of Current and
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HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
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Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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Another way of looking at the overa
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increase has occurred since the ear
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WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
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Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
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Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
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Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
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EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
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Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
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winsorized then 75% of reported exp
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Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
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patronage and revenue. Attendance f
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However, less important than the ac
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Because of the paramount importance
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Actual Revenue Another source of da
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Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
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WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
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industry. The proportion of gamblin
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Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
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since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
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IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
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‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
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Several factors influence the perce
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There are also some important lesso
Page 139 and 140: Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
Page 141 and 142: Figure 31: Number of Charities per
Page 143 and 144: IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
Page 145 and 146: Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
Page 147 and 148: Table 34: North American Industry C
Page 149 and 150: Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
Page 151 and 152: percentage of the population (i.e.,
Page 153 and 154: Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
Page 155 and 156: 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
Page 157 and 158: Although Albertans are satisfied wi
Page 159 and 160: A final attitude question asked in
Page 161 and 162: Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
Page 163 and 164: Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
Page 165 and 166: Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
Page 167 and 168: Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
Page 169 and 170: significant change in reported casi
Page 171 and 172: Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
Page 173 and 174: their shared variance is taken into
Page 175 and 176: Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
Page 177 and 178: The only readily available figures
Page 179 and 180: OSB reports there were a total of 7
Page 181 and 182: Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
Page 183 and 184: Another approach is to establish th
Page 185 and 186: that gambling had resulted in separ
Page 187 and 188: Applying these prevalence rates to
Page 189: gambling-related illegal acts and 8
Page 193 and 194: Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
Page 195 and 196: early 1990s, that was followed by a
Page 197 and 198: Table 54: Correlation between Crime
Page 199 and 200: Infrastructure Value The private se
Page 201 and 202: With respect to this first possibil
Page 203 and 204: increase in the comparison periods;
Page 205 and 206: Census Division Table 57: Business
Page 207 and 208: versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
Page 209 and 210: thinking in an interpretative act;
Page 211 and 212: The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
Page 213 and 214: Several community representatives a
Page 215 and 216: daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
Page 217 and 218: Increased crime was a related issue
Page 219 and 220: IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
Page 221 and 222: Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
Page 223 and 224: Table 60: Distributions to Differen
Page 225 and 226: Table 60 illustrates that the large
Page 227 and 228: McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
Page 229 and 230: Geographical Distribution As seen i
Page 231 and 232: Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
Page 233 and 234: Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
Page 235 and 236: etter skilled individuals in the co
Page 237 and 238: Problem Gambling A recent review of
Page 239 and 240: Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
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Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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