gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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The infrastructure to regulate legal gambling becomes better developed. Between 1970- 1973 gaming licensing was very informal and issued by local police and there were also no formal requirements to provide financial records. This changed with the Alberta Attorney General’s creation of the Lotteries Licensing Section in 1973. 1970 Edmonton’s Northlands Park and the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede start holding lotteries/sweepstakes. 1973 In Alberta, all gambling licence functions are transferred to the newly created Lotteries Licensing Section of the Attorney General’s Department. Eligible charitable/religious groups are now required to submit documentation of their financial returns. The Olympic Lottery Corporation of Canada receives permission from the Canadian government to hold national lotteries to raise money for the 1976 Olympics being held in Montreal. The first national lottery is held, with tickets costing $10. 1974 Western Canada Lottery Foundation (WCLF) is formed by the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, with the Yukon Territory being an associate member. The Edmonton Exhibition and the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede partner to form the provincial marketing and sales organization for the Alberta Division of the WCLF (with each association relinquishing their own individual lotteries). On June 21, 1974 the first provincial lottery ticket went on sale ($2.50 each with a maximum prize of $250,000). Roughly 50% of the proceeds went to the Commonwealth Games Foundation (games slated for 1978) with the remaining funds split between the Edmonton Exhibition and Calgary Stampede. 1975 Alberta Attorney General begins to grant multi-day casino licences to charities. The Edmonton Kinsmen Club holds Alberta’s first multi-day charity casino event (providing table games). WCLF offers the first ‘bearer ticket’ for “The Western” lottery (previously people had simply registered their name when participating in a lottery). Instant win (pull tickets) are legally offered for the first time by charity groups. 1976 Alberta Attorney General creates the Gaming Control Branch to provide more comprehensive regulation of gambling (replacing the Lotteries Licensing unit) and to better handle the large number of new casino event applications from charities. Its first set of regulations established that one casino of 2 days duration could be held in a community at any given time and that event workers and managers have to be screened and licensed. When the national Olympic lottery expired after the games, Lotto Canada, a federal lottery agency, began operating in its place. However, at the same time, the Interprovincial Lottery Corporation is established by the provincial lottery corporations (including WCLF) to operate national lotteries on behalf of the provinces (providing direct competition to Lotto Canada). 1977 Alberta’s Gaming Control Branch issues further rules regarding financial reporting requirements, auditing and how casino and bingo proceeds could be used. 1978 Laycraft Public Inquiry reports that rigged carnival games are entrenched in Alberta. 1979 Because of conflict with the provinces, the newly elected Conservative federal government withdraws from offering ‘lottery schemes’ in Canada (ending the operation of Lotto Canada) in return for $24 million annually from the provinces indexed to inflation. 3 dedicated bingo halls are in operation in Edmonton (Rainbow Bingo Hall; K of C Hall; Jasper Place Bingo). The individual charities providing bingo in these venues eventually developed ‘bingo associations’ to coordinate their activities. 38
1980s There is a major expansion of legal gambling coincident with a significant increase in per capita gambling expenditures. There is a significant increase in the number of dedicated bingo halls operated by bingo associations (groups of charities). There is a significant increase in lottery revenues. Horse race betting begins to decline despite the introduction of phone-in and off-track betting. Legal sports betting is introduced. Permanent casinos offering table games are introduced with private casino owners being contracted to provide space and services for charity, religious or agricultural ‘casino events’. The Alberta Gaming Control Branch uses a more liberal interpretation of what constitutes a ‘charitable or religious organization’ and ‘charitable or religious object or purpose’ in order to be eligible to provide raffles, lotteries, bingos, and casino events. It is no longer restricted to groups whose primary purpose is to provide money, goods, or service to the less fortunate (the technical meaning of ‘charity group’). Rather, it is expanded to include a wide range of community organizations whose purpose is to promote local sports, education, culture, arts, health, etc. Rules are also loosened regarding the allowable number of casinoevents per week, allowable number of blackjack tables per casino, and betting limits. A conflict between the federal and provincial governments occurred over the federal government’s involvement in lotteries and sports betting, eventually leading to an agreement permitting exclusive provincial control in 1985. 1980 The newly elected federal Liberal government reinstates Lotto Canada and begins investigating sports betting as an additional offering. The Alberta government adopts some of the Citizens’ Advisory Committee’s recommendations regarding gambling. The most important of these are that a) no eligible organization would be refused a casino licence, and b) a new Alberta Gaming Commission would be created with the responsibilities of licensing, public information, and policy recommendations. The $10 Super Lotto ticket is launched by WCLF. Alberta’s first permanent casino (Cash Casino) opens in Calgary. This is a privately owned venue that is contracted to provide space and services for short-term charity, religious or agricultural casino events. This arrangement becomes the operational template for all subsequent permanent casinos in the province up to the present time. 1981 A new Alberta regulatory structure is established with the Gaming Control Branch of the Attorney General’s office being responsible for administration and enforcement (including audits and the investigation of licence applications) and the new Alberta Gaming Commission being responsible for licensing, appeals, public information, public consultation and policy recommendations. Random draws are held every 2 months to determine the dates when an eligible charity could hold a casino event. Alberta’s second permanent casino opens in Edmonton (Casino ABS, also known as Casino Edmonton). 1982 Criminal Code is amended (s.204) allowing people to phone-in horse racing bets to the horse race course of an authorized race-track association (if the person has an account at that track) and to permit people at a horse race track to bet on races occurring at other tracks (‘intertrack betting’). 2 dedicated bingo halls are in operation in Calgary (Bingo Palace; Odgen Road Bingo). It becomes a requirement that bingo associations have to be formed (by groups of charities) to coordinate bingo in these dedicated ‘commercial’ halls before the granting of licences. Lotto 6/49 is launched as a national lottery game by the Interprovincial Lottery Corporation. First lottery game where players can choose their own numbers. This will prove to be the most successful of all lottery products. 39
Page 1 and 2: Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
Page 3 and 4: Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
Page 5 and 6: AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
Page 9 and 10: Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
Page 11 and 12: than empirical in nature. Thus, the
Page 13 and 14: While the above described approach
Page 15 and 16: census. A supplemental Online Gener
Page 17 and 18: THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
Page 19 and 20: Aside from these practical issues,
Page 21 and 22: SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
Page 23 and 24: Again, other ways of organizing and
Page 25 and 26: 4. The transfer of wealth and chang
Page 27 and 28: Compare Changes to those Observed i
Page 29 and 30: to document prior gambling opportun
Page 31 and 32: Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
Page 33 and 34: Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
Page 35 and 36: 1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
Page 37: 1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
Page 41 and 42: 1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
Page 43 and 44: 1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
Page 45 and 46: 2003 Federal agriculture minister m
Page 47 and 48: HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
Page 49 and 50: Number of Live Race Days per Year I
Page 51 and 52: Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
Page 53 and 54: Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
Page 55 and 56: Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
Page 57 and 58: Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
Page 59 and 60: Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
Page 61 and 62: Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
Page 63 and 64: Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
Page 65 and 66: 1996 Slot machines and electronic h
Page 67 and 68: The main indices that speak to chan
Page 69 and 70: Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
Page 71 and 72: REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
Page 73 and 74: HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
Page 75 and 76: CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
Page 77 and 78: aggregate value of all tickets sold
Page 79 and 80: ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
Page 81 and 82: CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
Page 83 and 84: percentage of table game revenue re
Page 85 and 86: Figure 15. Location of Current and
Page 87 and 88: HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
Page 89 and 90:
Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
Page 91 and 92:
AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 93 and 94:
Another way of looking at the overa
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increase has occurred since the ear
Page 97 and 98:
WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
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Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
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Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
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EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
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Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
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winsorized then 75% of reported exp
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Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
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patronage and revenue. Attendance f
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However, less important than the ac
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Because of the paramount importance
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Actual Revenue Another source of da
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Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
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WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
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industry. The proportion of gamblin
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Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
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since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
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IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
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‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
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Several factors influence the perce
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There are also some important lesso
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Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
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Figure 31: Number of Charities per
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IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
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Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
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Table 34: North American Industry C
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Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
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Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
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their shared variance is taken into
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Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
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The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
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Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
Page 191 and 192:
It is important to remember that th
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Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
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early 1990s, that was followed by a
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Table 54: Correlation between Crime
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Infrastructure Value The private se
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With respect to this first possibil
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increase in the comparison periods;
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Census Division Table 57: Business
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versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
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thinking in an interpretative act;
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The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
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Several community representatives a
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daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
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Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
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McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
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Problem Gambling A recent review of
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Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
Page 267 and 268:
Despite the relatively low rates of
Page 269 and 270:
supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
Page 279 and 280:
OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
Page 287 and 288:
Centre for Social and Health Outcom
Page 289 and 290:
Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
Page 291 and 292:
Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
Page 307 and 308:
GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
Page 309 and 310:
GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
Page 313 and 314:
GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
Page 335 and 336:
Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
Page 337:
7. A thorough due diligence investi
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