gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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Table 41: Is there a Type of Gambling that has Contributed to your Problems more than Others? 2008 2009 NO 43.8% 44.2% YES 56.2% 55.8% EGMs (VLTs or slot machines) 63.9% 65.1% Casino Table Games 7.6% 12.0% Bingo 6.3% 0% Lotteries 6.3% 4.8% Games Against other People (e.g., Poker) 4.9% 6.0% Instant Win Tickets 4.9% 3.6% High Risk Stocks 2.1% 6.0% Sports Betting 2.1% 1.2% Horse Racing 2.1% 1.2% Internet Gambling 0% 0% Impact of New Casinos on Problem Gambling To further investigate the relationship between the impact of increased gambling availability and changes in gambling and problem gambling, a specific investigation was made of the change in the prevalence rate of gambling and problem gambling between 2008 and 2009 in 5 communities that had had casinos for many years (Established Casino Areas): Fort McMurray area (casino introduced in 1994), Grande Prairie area (1999), Red Deer area (1995), Lethbridge area (1993), and the Medicine Hat area (1996) compared to 4 communities that recently received casinos (New Casino Areas): Camrose area (casino introduced in October 2006); Cold Lake area (September 2007); Whitecourt area (January 2008); and the Morley area (June 2008). This investigation was done by conducting additional telephone surveys of these regions during the same time period the General Population surveys were conducted (i.e., June to August 2008 and June to August 2009) (also using the same questionnaire). The geographic range for each region was defined as a 75 km distance from the location of the casino (with the exception of a 50 km for Morley and Camrose so as not to disproportionately sample Calgary and Edmonton residents respectively), and was not restricted to Alberta (mostly relevant for the Cold Lake and Medicine Hat areas). The sample was recruited by random selection of listed telephone numbers within each geographic range. A minimum of 500 people were sampled from each geographic region in 2008 (total sample size of 4,512) and 400 per region in 2009 (total sample size of 3,614). CASRO (1982) response rate was 23.3% in 2008 and 24.1% in 2009. Further details of this ‘Targeted Survey’ are contained in Appendix A. The results of this investigation are reported in Table 42. Chi-Square tests found no significant change in past year slot machine or table game patronage between 2008 and 2009 for either New Casino Areas or Established Casino Areas. Similarly, Mann-Whitney U tests found no 168
significant change in reported casino expenditure between 2008 and 2009 either for New Casino Areas (p = .12, 2 tail) or for Established Casino Areas (p = .31, 2 tail). With regards to gambling status on the PPGM, a significant change in PPGM categorization in the New Casino Areas occurred from 2008 to 2009 (Chi Square (3df) = 34.7, p = < .001). Similarly, a significant change from 2008 to 2009 was observed in the Established Casino Areas (Chi Square (3df) = 102.8, p < .001). However, in both cases, pairwise comparisons showed this to be due to a decrease in the proportion of Non-Gamblers and a corresponding increase in the proportion of Recreational Gamblers from 2008 and 2009 (i.e., although the rate of problem gambling increased somewhat in the New Casino Area and decreased somewhat in the Established Casino Area, these changes were not statistically significant). The reason for this change in general gambling prevalence is unclear, as it is not mirrored in the General Population data (the Alberta-wide prevalence of gambling in 2008 was 72.2% versus 73.5% in 2009) (Table 18, p. 103). It is possible that increased gambling participation in 2009 in these regions is related to the worldwide recession that occurred in 2008/2009 (Statistics Canada reports that the recession in Canada lasted from the fall of 2008 to the summer of 2009). Table 42: Gambling and Problem Gambling in New versus Established Casino Areas in 2008 and 2009. New Casino Area Established Casino Area 2008 2009 2008 2009 Past Year Slot Machine Patronage 19.6% 19.1% 16.4% 16.9% Past Year Table Game Patronage 7.1% 7.0% 7.0% 5.2% Average Monthly Casino Expenditure $59 $94 $48 $67 Median Monthly Casino Expenditure $20 $20 $20 $20 PPGM Non-Gambler 25.5% 17.3% 30.1% 17.3% PPGM Recreational Gambler 66.3% 73.5% 61.8% 72.7% PPGM At Risk Gambler 6.3% 6.6% 5.8% 7.9% PPGM Problem & Pathological Gambler 1.9% 2.6% 2.3% 2.0% Change within individual regions may be obscured by these aggregated results. Thus, change in casino expenditure and problem gambling prevalence for each individual region from 2008 to 2009 is reported in Table 43. Only the Fort McMurray area (Established Casino area) had a statistically significant change (increase) in gambling expenditure from 2008 to 2009 (Mann- Whitney U = 4258, p = .04, 2 tail). The relatively small sample sizes for each region (500 per region in 2008 and 400 in 2009) limit the ability to show statistically significant differences in problem gambling rates if they did exist. And indeed, no statistically significant differences in PPGM problem gambling prevalence was observed in any region from 2008 to 2009, with one 169
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
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SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
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Again, other ways of organizing and
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4. The transfer of wealth and chang
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Compare Changes to those Observed i
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to document prior gambling opportun
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Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
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Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
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1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
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1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
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1980s There is a major expansion of
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1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
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1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
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2003 Federal agriculture minister m
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HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
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Number of Live Race Days per Year I
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Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
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Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
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Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
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Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
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Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
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Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
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Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
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1996 Slot machines and electronic h
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The main indices that speak to chan
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Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
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REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
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HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
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CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
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aggregate value of all tickets sold
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ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
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CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
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percentage of table game revenue re
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Figure 15. Location of Current and
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HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
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Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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Another way of looking at the overa
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increase has occurred since the ear
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WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
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Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
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Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
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Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
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EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
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Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
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winsorized then 75% of reported exp
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Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
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patronage and revenue. Attendance f
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However, less important than the ac
Page 117 and 118: Because of the paramount importance
Page 119 and 120: Actual Revenue Another source of da
Page 121 and 122: Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
Page 123 and 124: WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
Page 125 and 126: industry. The proportion of gamblin
Page 127 and 128: Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
Page 129 and 130: since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
Page 131 and 132: IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
Page 133 and 134: ‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
Page 135 and 136: Several factors influence the perce
Page 137 and 138: There are also some important lesso
Page 139 and 140: Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
Page 141 and 142: Figure 31: Number of Charities per
Page 143 and 144: IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
Page 145 and 146: Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
Page 147 and 148: Table 34: North American Industry C
Page 149 and 150: Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
Page 151 and 152: percentage of the population (i.e.,
Page 153 and 154: Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
Page 155 and 156: 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
Page 157 and 158: Although Albertans are satisfied wi
Page 159 and 160: A final attitude question asked in
Page 161 and 162: Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
Page 163 and 164: Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
Page 165 and 166: Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
Page 167: Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
Page 171 and 172: Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
Page 173 and 174: their shared variance is taken into
Page 175 and 176: Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
Page 177 and 178: The only readily available figures
Page 179 and 180: OSB reports there were a total of 7
Page 181 and 182: Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
Page 183 and 184: Another approach is to establish th
Page 185 and 186: that gambling had resulted in separ
Page 187 and 188: Applying these prevalence rates to
Page 189 and 190: gambling-related illegal acts and 8
Page 191 and 192: It is important to remember that th
Page 193 and 194: Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
Page 195 and 196: early 1990s, that was followed by a
Page 197 and 198: Table 54: Correlation between Crime
Page 199 and 200: Infrastructure Value The private se
Page 201 and 202: With respect to this first possibil
Page 203 and 204: increase in the comparison periods;
Page 205 and 206: Census Division Table 57: Business
Page 207 and 208: versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
Page 209 and 210: thinking in an interpretative act;
Page 211 and 212: The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
Page 213 and 214: Several community representatives a
Page 215 and 216: daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
Page 217 and 218: Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
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McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
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Problem Gambling A recent review of
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Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
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Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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