gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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ABSTRACT 7 INTRODUCTION 8 Alberta 8 Research Questions 9 Theoretical and Logistical Challenges 10 Organization of the Report 10 RESEARCH APPROACH 12 Following the Money 12 Secondary Analysis of Changes in Economic and Social Indices 12 Direct Investigation of the Known Impacts 13 Population Surveys 14 Key Informant Interviews and Focus Groups 16 THEORETICAL APPROACH 17 Problems with Existing Approaches to Assessing Socioeconomic Impacts 17 Sound Principles for Conducting Socioeconomic Impact Analyses of Gambling 21 HISTORY OF GAMBLING IN ALBERTA 30 Chronology of Events 30 History of Each Type of Gambling 47 Horse Race Betting 47 Raffles 50 Pull Tickets 52 Bingo 54 Lotteries and Instant Win (Scratch) Tickets 58 Sports Betting 60 Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) 61 Slot Machines, Table Games, and Casinos 64 Regulatory and Organizational History 71 History of First Nations Commercial Gambling 73 CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, AND PROVISION OF LEGAL GAMBLING IN ALBERTA 75 Charitable Gambling 76 Raffles 76 Pull-Tickets 77 Bingo 77 Alberta Government Gambling 79 Ticket Lotteries 79 Video Lottery Terminals 80 Slot Machines 80 Casinos 81 Traditional Casinos 81 First Nations Casinos 82 Horse Racing 87 Summary of Current Availability and Provision of Gambling in Alberta 88 4
AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF ALBERTA GAMBLING REVENUE 91 How Much Money is Involved? 91 Net Gambling Revenue and Gross Domestic Product 91 Gambling Expenditure per Adult Albertan 93 Where is the Money Coming From? 97 Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by Game Type 97 Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by Demographic Characteristics 101 Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by Geography 112 Where is the Money Going? 123 Immediate Recipients 123 Ultimate Recipients 124 Revenue Disbursement from Ultimate Recipients 129 IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING 131 Impacts on the Provincial Government 131 Financial Impacts 131 Compromise or Facilitation of Regulatory Function? 136 Impacts on Charitable Organizations 138 Financial Impacts 138 Ethical Issues 142 Saliency 142 Impacts on Society 143 Government and Charitable Services 143 Employment 143 Leisure Activity 148 Quality of Life/Public Health/Social Capital/Subjective Well-Being 150 Socioeconomic Inequality 152 Attitudes 154 Problem Gambling and Related Indices 163 Crime 186 Impacts on Private Industry 198 Private Sector Gambling Providers 198 Impacts on Non-Gambling Providers 200 Qualitative Assessment of Impacts 208 Mayoral Perspectives on Local Gambling and Casinos 209 Community Representatives’ Perspectives on Local Gambling and Casinos 211 Main Themes 213 Impacts on First Nations 219 First Nations Gambling Revenue and its Disbursement 219 Impacts of First Nations Casinos 233 Focus Group Assessment of Impacts 241 Enoch: River Cree Resort 244 Tsuu T’ina: Grey Eagle Casino 245 5
Page 1 and 2: Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
Page 3: Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
Page 9 and 10: Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
Page 11 and 12: than empirical in nature. Thus, the
Page 13 and 14: While the above described approach
Page 15 and 16: census. A supplemental Online Gener
Page 17 and 18: THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
Page 19 and 20: Aside from these practical issues,
Page 21 and 22: SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
Page 23 and 24: Again, other ways of organizing and
Page 25 and 26: 4. The transfer of wealth and chang
Page 27 and 28: Compare Changes to those Observed i
Page 29 and 30: to document prior gambling opportun
Page 31 and 32: Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
Page 33 and 34: Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
Page 35 and 36: 1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
Page 37 and 38: 1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
Page 39 and 40: 1980s There is a major expansion of
Page 41 and 42: 1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
Page 43 and 44: 1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
Page 45 and 46: 2003 Federal agriculture minister m
Page 47 and 48: HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
Page 49 and 50: Number of Live Race Days per Year I
Page 51 and 52: Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
Page 53 and 54: Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
Page 55 and 56:
Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
Page 57 and 58:
Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
Page 59 and 60:
Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
Page 61 and 62:
Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
Page 63 and 64:
Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
Page 65 and 66:
1996 Slot machines and electronic h
Page 67 and 68:
The main indices that speak to chan
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Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
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REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
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HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
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CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
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aggregate value of all tickets sold
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ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
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CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
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percentage of table game revenue re
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Figure 15. Location of Current and
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HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
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Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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Another way of looking at the overa
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increase has occurred since the ear
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WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
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Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
Page 103 and 104:
Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
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EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
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Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
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winsorized then 75% of reported exp
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Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
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patronage and revenue. Attendance f
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However, less important than the ac
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Because of the paramount importance
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Actual Revenue Another source of da
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Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
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WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
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industry. The proportion of gamblin
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Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
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since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
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IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
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‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
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Several factors influence the perce
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There are also some important lesso
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Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
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Figure 31: Number of Charities per
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IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
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Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
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Table 34: North American Industry C
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Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
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Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
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their shared variance is taken into
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Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
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The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
Page 183 and 184:
Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
Page 191 and 192:
It is important to remember that th
Page 193 and 194:
Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
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early 1990s, that was followed by a
Page 197 and 198:
Table 54: Correlation between Crime
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Infrastructure Value The private se
Page 201 and 202:
With respect to this first possibil
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increase in the comparison periods;
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Census Division Table 57: Business
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versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
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thinking in an interpretative act;
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The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
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Several community representatives a
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daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
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Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
Page 227 and 228:
McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
Page 237 and 238:
Problem Gambling A recent review of
Page 239 and 240:
Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
Page 243 and 244:
Both the increased affluence and th
Page 245 and 246:
The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
Page 247 and 248:
The fire department also represents
Page 249 and 250:
chances. One official stated that t
Page 251 and 252:
With the exception of 2006-2007, th
Page 253 and 254:
Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
Page 257 and 258:
SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
Page 261 and 262:
can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
Page 267 and 268:
Despite the relatively low rates of
Page 269 and 270:
supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
Page 271 and 272:
Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
Page 285 and 286:
REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
Page 287 and 288:
Centre for Social and Health Outcom
Page 289 and 290:
Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
Page 291 and 292:
Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
Page 293 and 294:
Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
Page 295 and 296:
2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
Page 307 and 308:
GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
Page 309 and 310:
GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
Page 311 and 312:
GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
Page 313 and 314:
GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
Page 315 and 316:
GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
Page 317 and 318:
The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
Page 323 and 324:
2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
Page 327 and 328:
SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
Page 329 and 330:
2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
Page 331 and 332:
1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
Page 333 and 334:
8. In the past 12 months, have you
Page 335 and 336:
Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
Page 337:
7. A thorough due diligence investi
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