gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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1996 Alberta Racing Corporation is formed to help revitalize the declining horse racing industry in Alberta (replacing the Western Canadian Racing Association). The Alberta Gaming and Liquor Act is enacted providing the regulatory framework for issuing gaming licences and gaming worker registration. 1999 Alberta Ministry of Gaming is created, which includes the Department of Gaming, the Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission, the Community Lottery Program Secretariat, the Alberta Gaming Research Council and Alberta Racing Corporation. 2001 First Nations Gaming Policy introduced, allowing potential development of First Nations casinos on reserve land. 2002 The 1999 moratorium on new casinos removed after AGLC develops 8-step process for casino approval and expansion consistent with the recommendations of the Gaming Licensing Policy Review. The Alberta Racing Corporation is replaced with Horse Racing Alberta (HRA), whose mandate is to both regulate and revitalize the horse racing industry. 2006 The Alberta Government abolishes the Ministry of Gaming with most of these responsibilities devolving to the Solicitor General and the Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission. 72
HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL GAMBLING Alberta First Nations entry into the provincial gambling industry dates to 1993 when provincial officials granted the Tsuu T’ina First Nation (southwest of Calgary), and the Enoch Cree First Nation (west of Edmonton) licenses to hold super-bingos with jackpots exceeding $10,000. The Tsuu T’ina profits of $100,000 led to calls for the creation of an independent First Nations Gaming Commission (Stewart, 1993). First Nations leaders developed a tentative policy model that ensured all bands would benefit equally from any reserve casino developments. They also sponsored a Chiefs’ Summit in November 1993 attended by several provincial ministers and officials, the Minister of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), and all provincial First Nations chiefs. Although little came from the meeting, a second Summit held in March 1995 witnessed the Minister of Family and Social Services, Mike Cardinal, encourage First Nations leaders to “take a leading role” to determine “if a casino industry will exist.” If this support was not sufficient, he added, “I think Native leaders should propose what they’d like to see in Alberta and then we’ll negotiate” (Edmonton Journal, 1995). The third Summit held in November 1995 led to the ‘Understanding on First Nations-Canada Relations’ signed by Minister of Indian Affairs Ron Irwin and the Chiefs of Alberta, to which recently elected Premier Ralph Klein and Minister Cardinal later added their signatures. The agreement was somewhat surprising, considering that 2 months earlier the First Nations Gaming Congress, representing all Alberta bands, had demanded $100 million from the provincial government in exchange for halting their construction of casinos. Later that December Tsuu T’ina band members voted 73% in favour of casino development prompting a January 1996 meeting between Premier Klein, Alberta Lotteries Review Committee chair Judy Gordon, Chief Roy Whitney, and the Tsuu T’ina band council, at which time all parties agreed that final arrangements about “casino size, location, construction dates, and revenue-sharing possibilities still needed to be discussed” (Calgary Herald, 1996, A6). A provincial First Nations gaming policy was announced in 1997. The new policy permitted the construction and operation of 4 casinos to be located on First Nation reserves. With the exception of being located on reserves, the First Nations casinos were expected to operate under the same charity model and have the same revenue distribution as non-First Nations casinos (i.e., the majority of revenue going to the Alberta Lottery Fund rather than being retained by the First Nation community). First Nation leaders were not pleased with this proposal, arguing that the standard charity casino model would provide them with insufficient revenue retention to attract the initial capital investment needed to develop a casino. They also pointed out that they have not shared in the oil and gas revenue that has benefited the rest of Alberta. Enoch and Louis Bull First Nations, 2 communities that had plans in place to develop large destination-type casinos, ended their relationships with a Las Vegas developer. Tsuu T’ina officials also temporarily halted their casino plans. Other First Nations threatened to ignore the proposed provincial First Nations gaming policy and simply build and operate their own casinos and bingo halls. Enoch 73
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
Page 21 and 22: SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
Page 23 and 24: Again, other ways of organizing and
Page 25 and 26: 4. The transfer of wealth and chang
Page 27 and 28: Compare Changes to those Observed i
Page 29 and 30: to document prior gambling opportun
Page 31 and 32: Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
Page 33 and 34: Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
Page 35 and 36: 1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
Page 37 and 38: 1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
Page 39 and 40: 1980s There is a major expansion of
Page 41 and 42: 1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
Page 43 and 44: 1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
Page 45 and 46: 2003 Federal agriculture minister m
Page 47 and 48: HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
Page 49 and 50: Number of Live Race Days per Year I
Page 51 and 52: Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
Page 53 and 54: Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
Page 55 and 56: Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
Page 57 and 58: Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
Page 59 and 60: Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
Page 61 and 62: Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
Page 63 and 64: Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
Page 65 and 66: 1996 Slot machines and electronic h
Page 67 and 68: The main indices that speak to chan
Page 69 and 70: Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
Page 71: REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
Page 75 and 76: CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
Page 77 and 78: aggregate value of all tickets sold
Page 79 and 80: ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
Page 81 and 82: CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
Page 83 and 84: percentage of table game revenue re
Page 85 and 86: Figure 15. Location of Current and
Page 87 and 88: HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
Page 89 and 90: Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
Page 91 and 92: AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 93 and 94: Another way of looking at the overa
Page 95 and 96: increase has occurred since the ear
Page 97 and 98: WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
Page 99 and 100: Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
Page 101 and 102: Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
Page 103 and 104: Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
Page 105 and 106: EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
Page 107 and 108: Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
Page 109 and 110: winsorized then 75% of reported exp
Page 111 and 112: Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
Page 113 and 114: patronage and revenue. Attendance f
Page 115 and 116: However, less important than the ac
Page 117 and 118: Because of the paramount importance
Page 119 and 120: Actual Revenue Another source of da
Page 121 and 122: Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
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WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
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industry. The proportion of gamblin
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Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
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since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
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IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
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‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
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Several factors influence the perce
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There are also some important lesso
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Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
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Figure 31: Number of Charities per
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IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
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Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
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Table 34: North American Industry C
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Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
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Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
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their shared variance is taken into
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Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
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The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
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Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
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It is important to remember that th
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Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
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early 1990s, that was followed by a
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Table 54: Correlation between Crime
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Infrastructure Value The private se
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With respect to this first possibil
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increase in the comparison periods;
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Census Division Table 57: Business
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versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
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thinking in an interpretative act;
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The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
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Several community representatives a
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daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
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Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
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McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
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Problem Gambling A recent review of
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Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
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Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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