Table 16: Total Net Alberta Gambl<strong>in</strong>g Revenue from All Sources After Prizes but Before Expenses. 1970 NA 1980 $107,245,000 1990 $330,662,000 2000 $1,371,669,000 1971 NA 1981 $129,966,000 1991 $359,248,000 2001 $1,561,952,000 1972 NA 1982 $136,676,000 1992 $386,779,000 2002 $1,721,601,000 1973 NA 1983 $133,531,000 1993 $444,597,000 2003 $1,839,134,000 1974 NA 1984 $138,023,000 1994 $670,241,000 2004 $1,917,984,000 1975 $43,055,000 1985 $189,335,000 1995 $874,454,000 2005 $2,089,749,000 1976 $53,574,000 1986 $226,517,000 1996 $916,032,000 2006 $2,275,515,000 1977 $71,803,000 1987 $287,109,000 1997 $987,852,000 2007 $2,500,150,000 1978 $81,434,000 1988 $289,476,000 1998 $1,145,052,000 2008 $2,715,428,000 1979 $89,981,000 1989 $311,502,000 1999 $1,244,151,000 2009 $2,641,086,000 It is also important to understand how much money this represents <strong>in</strong> the larger Alberta economy. Thus, Figure 16 shows these amounts as a percentage <strong>of</strong> prov<strong>in</strong>cial Gross Domestic Product (market price) <strong>in</strong> each <strong>of</strong> these years as reported by Statistics Canada. GDP values were not available prior to 1981. As can be seen, Figure 16 shows that <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> as a percentage <strong>of</strong> GDP has quadrupled s<strong>in</strong>ce the early 1980s. However, Figure 16 also shows that even with this significant <strong>in</strong>crease, <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> still represents a very small part <strong>of</strong> overall economic activity <strong>in</strong> the prov<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>of</strong> Alberta (~1%). 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% 1970 Figure 16: Net Gambl<strong>in</strong>g Revenue as a Percentage <strong>of</strong> Alberta GDP 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 92
Another way <strong>of</strong> look<strong>in</strong>g at the overall magnitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> with<strong>in</strong> the Alberta economy concerns Statistics Canada estimates <strong>of</strong> the contribution <strong>of</strong> various <strong>in</strong>dustries (as def<strong>in</strong>ed by North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS)) to prov<strong>in</strong>cial GDP. The NAICS def<strong>in</strong>es the <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustry as “establishments primarily engaged <strong>in</strong> operat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> facilities, such as cas<strong>in</strong>os, b<strong>in</strong>go halls, and video gam<strong>in</strong>g term<strong>in</strong>als, or <strong>in</strong> the provision <strong>of</strong> <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> services, such as lotteries and <strong>of</strong>f-track bett<strong>in</strong>g.” It excludes hotels that have associated cas<strong>in</strong>os, which <strong>in</strong> Alberta represents 7 out <strong>of</strong> the 24 cas<strong>in</strong>os (Table 15, p. 86). Table 17 shows the annual estimates <strong>of</strong> production <strong>in</strong> the <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustry (exclud<strong>in</strong>g cas<strong>in</strong>o hotels) and total prov<strong>in</strong>cial GDP <strong>in</strong> Alberta, expressed <strong>in</strong> current prices over the period 1997-2006. (Statistics Canada stopped produc<strong>in</strong>g these estimates after 2006). As can be seen, the value <strong>of</strong> goods and services produced by the <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustry is seen to grow significantly over this time period. However, as a percentage <strong>of</strong> total GDP <strong>in</strong> each year, the amount is quite small (0.09% to 0.15%). By comparison, the gas and oil extraction <strong>in</strong>dustry accounted for about 15% <strong>of</strong> the goods and services produced <strong>in</strong> the prov<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>in</strong> 2006. Furthermore, the amounts are relatively stable (similar to Figure 16 <strong>in</strong> this same time period). Table 17: Gambl<strong>in</strong>g as a Percentage <strong>of</strong> Alberta GDP (Current Prices). Year Gambl<strong>in</strong>g Industry All Industries Gambl<strong>in</strong>g as % <strong>of</strong> Total 1997 $194,400,000 $192,876,300,000 0.10% 1998 $217,400,000 $195,946,500,000 0.11% 1999 $251,200,000 $211,973,600,000 0.12% 2000 $289,000,000 $261,375,100,000 0.11% 2001 $292,500,000 $276,632,500,000 0.11% 2002 $396,700,000 $275,444,000,000 0.14% 2003 $412,100,000 $303,731,900,000 0.14% 2004 $512,400,000 $338,256,600,000 0.15% 2005 $370,000,000 $390,542,700,000 0.09% 2006 $440,900,000 $432,708,000,000 0.10% Source: Statistics Canada Table 381-0016 Prov<strong>in</strong>cial Gross Output at Basic Prices <strong>in</strong> Current Dollars. Gambl<strong>in</strong>g Expenditure per Adult Albertan Although it is clear that <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> represents a relatively small economic activity with<strong>in</strong> the Alberta economy, personal expenditures only account for part <strong>of</strong> GDP. Thus, it is also important to also look at per capita expenditure on <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> to appreciate the potential magnitude/importance <strong>of</strong> <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> expenditures at the <strong>in</strong>dividual level. Net <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> revenue divided by the adult population does not take <strong>in</strong>to account <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> revenue derived from out-<strong>of</strong>-prov<strong>in</strong>ce residents (or out-<strong>of</strong>-prov<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> expenditure by Alberta residents). The adjustment that needs to be made to Alberta <strong>gambl<strong>in</strong>g</strong> revenue to 93
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
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SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
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Again, other ways of organizing and
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4. The transfer of wealth and chang
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Compare Changes to those Observed i
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to document prior gambling opportun
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Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
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Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
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1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
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1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
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1980s There is a major expansion of
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- Page 43 and 44: 1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
- Page 45 and 46: 2003 Federal agriculture minister m
- Page 47 and 48: HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
- Page 49 and 50: Number of Live Race Days per Year I
- Page 51 and 52: Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
- Page 53 and 54: Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
- Page 55 and 56: Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
- Page 57 and 58: Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
- Page 59 and 60: Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
- Page 61 and 62: Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
- Page 63 and 64: Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
- Page 65 and 66: 1996 Slot machines and electronic h
- Page 67 and 68: The main indices that speak to chan
- Page 69 and 70: Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
- Page 71 and 72: REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
- Page 73 and 74: HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
- Page 75 and 76: CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
- Page 77 and 78: aggregate value of all tickets sold
- Page 79 and 80: ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
- Page 81 and 82: CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
- Page 83 and 84: percentage of table game revenue re
- Page 85 and 86: Figure 15. Location of Current and
- Page 87 and 88: HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
- Page 89 and 90: Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
- Page 91: AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
- Page 95 and 96: increase has occurred since the ear
- Page 97 and 98: WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
- Page 99 and 100: Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
- Page 101 and 102: Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
- Page 103 and 104: Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
- Page 105 and 106: EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
- Page 107 and 108: Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
- Page 109 and 110: winsorized then 75% of reported exp
- Page 111 and 112: Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
- Page 113 and 114: patronage and revenue. Attendance f
- Page 115 and 116: However, less important than the ac
- Page 117 and 118: Because of the paramount importance
- Page 119 and 120: Actual Revenue Another source of da
- Page 121 and 122: Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
- Page 123 and 124: WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
- Page 125 and 126: industry. The proportion of gamblin
- Page 127 and 128: Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
- Page 129 and 130: since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
- Page 131 and 132: IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
- Page 133 and 134: ‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
- Page 135 and 136: Several factors influence the perce
- Page 137 and 138: There are also some important lesso
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IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
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Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
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Table 34: North American Industry C
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Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
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Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
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their shared variance is taken into
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Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
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The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
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Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
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It is important to remember that th
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Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
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early 1990s, that was followed by a
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Table 54: Correlation between Crime
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Infrastructure Value The private se
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With respect to this first possibil
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increase in the comparison periods;
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Census Division Table 57: Business
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versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
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thinking in an interpretative act;
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The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
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Several community representatives a
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daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
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Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
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McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
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Problem Gambling A recent review of
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Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
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Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi