gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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Table 28 shows the total amount of ALF received for each Census Division from 1998 to 2010 as well as funds received per person for each Division (using the 2009 population estimate). As expected, the total amount of funds received roughly parallels the population size of each Division, with the Census Divisions containing the two largest cities (Calgary and Edmonton) receiving the largest share. More interesting is the per person amounts received (M = $838, SD = $218). As can be seen, there is a significant variation in these amounts, with Camrose- Lloydminister being three times higher than Fort McMurray. However, while it is clear that there are some individual Census Divisions that benefit more or less from Alberta Lottery Funds, there is no obvious north-south or urban-rural pattern to these differences. Table 28: Alberta Lottery Funds Received (1998 – 2010) as a Function of Census Division. Census Division Alberta Lottery Funds per Person Total Alberta Lottery Funds Received 10 Camrose-Lloydminister $1,179 $110,277,206 12 St. Paul $1,161 $79,956,895 4 Hanna $1,097 $11,949,272 13 Athabasca $1,063 $76,246,030 17 Slave Lake $1,023 $66,582,889 7 Stettler $997 $42,332,818 15 Banff $945 $37,217,168 3 Fort MacLeod $877 $34,840,312 11 Edmonton $853 $1,024,084,462 19 Grande Prairie $839 $91,526,670 5 Drumheller $819 $45,567,467 6 Calgary $806 $1,066,363,873 1 Medicine Hat $721 $59,773,273 2 Lethbridge $693 $109,593,718 18 Grande Cache $640 $9,640,772 9 Rocky Mountain House $625 $13,776,202 8 Red Deer $601 $117,054,341 14 Edson $591 $17,514,233 16 Fort McMurray $385 $25,351,264 Source: Alberta Lottery Fund database. Note: These disbursements do not include amounts that could not be uniquely attributed to a particular census division: i.e., $171,983,640 was distributed to provincial organizations, $17,663,805 to international organizations, $8,729,915 to regional organizations, and $7,987,319 to national organizations. The overall equitability of where Alberta gambling revenue geographically derives from, compared to where the money is geographically distributed back to, is an important question. However, it is difficult to answer with the existing data: although information about the geographic origin of charitable gaming revenue, lottery ticket revenue, and VLT revenue has been presented, information on the geographic origin of slot revenue was not available for this report (slot revenue has constituted a significant and increasing portion of all gambling revenue 128
since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2009). Also, although information has been presented about the geographic distribution of ALF grants, it must be remembered that approximately 77% of provincial gambling revenue is distributed back to Albertans through Alberta Ministry program delivery, the geographic distribution of which is not addressed in this report (i.e., Health, Education, Social Services, Agriculture, Transportation, Economic Development, etc.). Nonetheless, it is an important question that merits some speculation. It is a reasonable assumption that the large majority of slot revenue from 1998 to the present time has come from the Census Divisions containing casinos or Racing Entertainment Centres (i.e., Fort McMurray, Grande Prairie, Lethbridge, Medicine Hat, Red Deer, Calgary, Edmonton). It is also a reasonable assumption that government Ministry monies are either distributed evenly throughout the province, or spent proportionally (per capita) more on urban areas. This latter possibility is based on the fact that the majority of the Alberta budget historically has been allocated to the departments of Health and Education, with the bulk of these budgets being spent on staffing associated with major facilities (hospitals and schools), both of which tend to be over-represented (per capita) in urban areas. If these two assumptions are correct, then the only geographic region that might have a case that they receive an unequal ‘return on their money’ is the Fort McMurray Census Division. This region contributes more gambling revenue by virtue of its higher than average per capita expenditures on charity gaming and lotteries, and the fact that it has had a casino since 1994. In return, its ALF grant size is the lowest of all Census Divisions, and because it is a rural area it is unlikely to be receiving higher than average government services. Otherwise, for the most part, the geographic origin of provincial gambling revenue relative to its geographic distribution appears to be relatively equitable. Revenue Disbursement from Ultimate Recipients The final question concerns how the revenue is disbursed after all the pre-existing commitments have been honoured. Provincial Government Disbursement The most important disbursements are from the provincial government, as they are the ones with the largest amount of money to disburse. The way in which this money is distributed back to the citizens of Alberta has changed somewhat over the years. Since 1989 the provincial government’s gambling revenue has been first deposited in the Alberta Lottery Fund (ALF). The majority of money from this fund has then been distributed to government ministries via the General Revenue Fund (prior to 1998) or directly (after 1998). In either case, virtually all of this revenue is ultimately disbursed to Albertan in the form of government services. It is worth noting that such would not be the case if it was the federal government who was collecting the revenue, as the federal government redistributes its revenue proportionally more to the ‘have 129
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
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SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
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Again, other ways of organizing and
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4. The transfer of wealth and chang
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Compare Changes to those Observed i
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to document prior gambling opportun
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Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
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Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
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1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
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1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
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1980s There is a major expansion of
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1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
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1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
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2003 Federal agriculture minister m
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HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
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Number of Live Race Days per Year I
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Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
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Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
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Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
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Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
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Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
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Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
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Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
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1996 Slot machines and electronic h
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The main indices that speak to chan
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Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
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REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
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HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
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CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
Page 77 and 78: aggregate value of all tickets sold
Page 79 and 80: ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
Page 81 and 82: CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
Page 83 and 84: percentage of table game revenue re
Page 85 and 86: Figure 15. Location of Current and
Page 87 and 88: HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
Page 89 and 90: Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
Page 91 and 92: AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 93 and 94: Another way of looking at the overa
Page 95 and 96: increase has occurred since the ear
Page 97 and 98: WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
Page 99 and 100: Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
Page 101 and 102: Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
Page 103 and 104: Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
Page 105 and 106: EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
Page 107 and 108: Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
Page 109 and 110: winsorized then 75% of reported exp
Page 111 and 112: Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
Page 113 and 114: patronage and revenue. Attendance f
Page 115 and 116: However, less important than the ac
Page 117 and 118: Because of the paramount importance
Page 119 and 120: Actual Revenue Another source of da
Page 121 and 122: Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
Page 123 and 124: WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
Page 125 and 126: industry. The proportion of gamblin
Page 127: Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
Page 131 and 132: IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
Page 133 and 134: ‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
Page 135 and 136: Several factors influence the perce
Page 137 and 138: There are also some important lesso
Page 139 and 140: Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
Page 141 and 142: Figure 31: Number of Charities per
Page 143 and 144: IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
Page 145 and 146: Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
Page 147 and 148: Table 34: North American Industry C
Page 149 and 150: Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
Page 151 and 152: percentage of the population (i.e.,
Page 153 and 154: Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
Page 155 and 156: 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
Page 157 and 158: Although Albertans are satisfied wi
Page 159 and 160: A final attitude question asked in
Page 161 and 162: Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
Page 163 and 164: Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
Page 165 and 166: Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
Page 167 and 168: Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
Page 169 and 170: significant change in reported casi
Page 171 and 172: Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
Page 173 and 174: their shared variance is taken into
Page 175 and 176: Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
Page 177 and 178: The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
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Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
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It is important to remember that th
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Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
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early 1990s, that was followed by a
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Table 54: Correlation between Crime
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Infrastructure Value The private se
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With respect to this first possibil
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increase in the comparison periods;
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Census Division Table 57: Business
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versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
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thinking in an interpretative act;
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The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
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Several community representatives a
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daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
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Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
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McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
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Problem Gambling A recent review of
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Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
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Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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