gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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Little Red River Cree Nation 8 $125,415 $259,585 $954,580 $980,902 $2,320,482 11 4103 Loon River Cree Nation 8 $53,373 $223,195 $398,384 $407,963 $1,082,915 18 445 Louis Bull Tribe 6 $0 $250,000 $606,458 $619,993 $1,476,451 10 1799 Mikisew Cree First Nation 8 $0 $486,000 $699,972 $713,154 $1,899,126 18 2412 Montana Band 6 $0 $243,555 $460,924 $468,586 $1,173,065 24 873 O'Chiese Band 6 $0 $250,000 $470,706 $484,633 $1,205,339 9 921 Paul First Nation 6 $78,997 $332,687 $587,192 $606,769 $1,605,645 18 1713 Piikani Nation 7 $86,130 $341,181 $842,837 $853,120 $2,123,268 16 3424 Saddle Lake First Nation 6 $130,510 $583,589 $1,268,468 $1,309,421 $3,291,988 74 8577 Samson Cree Nation 6 $176,761 $627,971 $1,306,069 $1,380,741 $3,491,542 42 6677 Sawridge First Nation 8 $51,685 $215,079 $381,785 $392,511 $1,041,060 55 367 Siksika Nation 7 $0 $882,814 $1,265,800 $1,284,905 $3,433,519 17 6141 Smith's Landing FN 8 $50,643 $210,847 $375,413 $382,556 $1,019,459 16 302 Stoney Nakoda Band 7 $133,210 $569,978 $2,674,244 $3,434,944 $6,812,376 15 4416 Sturgeon Lake Band 8 $80,000 $374,311 $714,050 $733,212 $1,901,573 24 2534 Sucker Creek First Nation 8 $90,470 $381,648 $677,149 $689,827 $1,839,094 27 2280 Sunchild First Nation 6 $67,097 $284,763 $507,311 $516,876 $1,376,048 10 1158 Swan River First Nation 8 $65,649 $275,524 $489,231 $499,640 $1,330,044 25 1051 Tallcree First Nation 8 $0 $340,727 $400,273 $226,996 $967,996 9 1044 Tsuu Tìna Nation 7 $0 $8,246,214 $28,572,460 $28,920,214 $65,738,888 97 1581 Whitefish (Goodfish) FN 6 $72,601 $392,182 $694,785 $689,381 $1,848,949 12 2378 WhiteFish Lake FN 8 $85,653 $184,347 $639,950 $652,384 $1,562,334 11 2060 Woodland Cree FN 8 $0 $330,067 $472,485 $480,324 $1,282,876 13 689 224
Table 60 illustrates that the largest beneficiaries of the FNDF have been the 5 First Nations that host casinos. However, there is considerable variability within this group of 5, with the Enoch Cree First Nation (River Cree Casino and Resort) and the Tsuu T’ina First Nation (Grey Eagle Casino) being the main beneficiaries (Figure 47). This is almost certainly due to the fact that the River Cree Casino is just outside of Edmonton and the Grey Eagle Casino is just outside of Calgary, whereas the other 3 casinos are located in rural areas. $40,000,000 $35,000,000 $30,000,000 $25,000,000 $20,000,000 $15,000,000 $10,000,000 $5,000,000 $0 Figure 47: FNDF Allocations for the 5 First Nations that Host Casinos. Enoch Cree Nation Tsuu T'ina Nation Cold Lake First Nations FNDF Revenue as a Proportion of Total Revenue Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation Stoney Nakoda Nation 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 The primary source of First Nations revenue has traditionally been federal government payments through Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC). The funding formula calculates individual First Nations funding levels based on populations. 94 In the case of the 5 communities that host casinos, these gambling monies represent a significant portion of their overall revenue. For example, Enoch’s FNDF disbursement of $35 million in 2008/2009 was 303% more than its INAC’s budgetary allocation (Table 61). Similarly Tsuu T’ina received more than $28 million, which was 142% more than its INAC budget. Despite lower than expected returns, gambling revenues also contribute noticeably to the Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation’s and the Cold Lake First Nations’ overall budget. The Stoney 94 Because there is no stipulation about what percentage of INAC funding bands should provide to off-reserve residents, in most cases these monies are spent exclusively on reserves to the detriment of off-reserve members. 225
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
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SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
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Again, other ways of organizing and
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4. The transfer of wealth and chang
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Compare Changes to those Observed i
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to document prior gambling opportun
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Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
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Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
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1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
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1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
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1980s There is a major expansion of
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1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
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1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
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2003 Federal agriculture minister m
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HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
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Number of Live Race Days per Year I
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Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
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Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
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Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
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Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
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Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
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Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
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Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
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1996 Slot machines and electronic h
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The main indices that speak to chan
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Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
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REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
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HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
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CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
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aggregate value of all tickets sold
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ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
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CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
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percentage of table game revenue re
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Figure 15. Location of Current and
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HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
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Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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Another way of looking at the overa
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increase has occurred since the ear
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WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
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Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
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Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
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Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
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EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
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Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
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winsorized then 75% of reported exp
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Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
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patronage and revenue. Attendance f
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However, less important than the ac
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Because of the paramount importance
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Actual Revenue Another source of da
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Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
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WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
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industry. The proportion of gamblin
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Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
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since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
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IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
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‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
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Several factors influence the perce
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There are also some important lesso
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Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
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Figure 31: Number of Charities per
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IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
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Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
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Table 34: North American Industry C
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Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
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Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
Page 173 and 174: their shared variance is taken into
Page 175 and 176: Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
Page 177 and 178: The only readily available figures
Page 179 and 180: OSB reports there were a total of 7
Page 181 and 182: Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
Page 183 and 184: Another approach is to establish th
Page 185 and 186: that gambling had resulted in separ
Page 187 and 188: Applying these prevalence rates to
Page 189 and 190: gambling-related illegal acts and 8
Page 191 and 192: It is important to remember that th
Page 193 and 194: Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
Page 195 and 196: early 1990s, that was followed by a
Page 197 and 198: Table 54: Correlation between Crime
Page 199 and 200: Infrastructure Value The private se
Page 201 and 202: With respect to this first possibil
Page 203 and 204: increase in the comparison periods;
Page 205 and 206: Census Division Table 57: Business
Page 207 and 208: versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
Page 209 and 210: thinking in an interpretative act;
Page 211 and 212: The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
Page 213 and 214: Several community representatives a
Page 215 and 216: daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
Page 217 and 218: Increased crime was a related issue
Page 219 and 220: IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
Page 221 and 222: Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
Page 223: Table 60: Distributions to Differen
Page 227 and 228: McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
Page 229 and 230: Geographical Distribution As seen i
Page 231 and 232: Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
Page 233 and 234: Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
Page 235 and 236: etter skilled individuals in the co
Page 237 and 238: Problem Gambling A recent review of
Page 239 and 240: Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
Page 241 and 242: $500 chip. One municipal official c
Page 243 and 244: Both the increased affluence and th
Page 245 and 246: The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
Page 247 and 248: The fire department also represents
Page 249 and 250: chances. One official stated that t
Page 251 and 252: With the exception of 2006-2007, th
Page 253 and 254: Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
Page 255 and 256: (Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
Page 257 and 258: SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
Page 259 and 260: 1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
Page 261 and 262: can be said of charitable gambling
Page 263 and 264: Because revenue from charity casino
Page 265 and 266: Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
Page 267 and 268: Despite the relatively low rates of
Page 269 and 270: supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
Page 271 and 272: Some of these sentiments tend to su
Page 273 and 274: communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
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Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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