gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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was blamed for another’s gambling losses, which resulted in physical threats. Three men in the Town of Cold Lake accosted a security guard after suffering losses and being ejected from the casino. Anticipated Impacts Enoch: River Cree Resort By 2004 Enoch Cree leaders were promoting a $178 million destination-style resort-casino projected to employ upwards of 1,000 people, or the equivalent of 725 full-time jobs with an annual payroll of approximately $16 million (Purdy, 2004). Of the 800 jobs anticipated 400 were expected to be in the hotel, 350 in the casino, and 30 in the ice arena (Chalmers, 2006). Projected to gross $110 million yearly, $34.4 million would enter the Edmonton market through labour, lottery fund revenues, and vendors and services, and $11.6 million would leave the greater Edmonton area (Severs, 2004). The First Nation would retain $29 million in economic benefits annually (Purdy, 2004, D6). Upwards of 90% of the construction costs would remain in the Edmonton area, generating 865 jobs with a combined payroll of $35 million. The goal was to hire upwards of 125 First Nations employees (CBC News, 2006). This was needed to offset the 75% unemployment rate experienced among the 1,000 adult members within the community (Chalmers, 2006). One year prior to opening, 4,000 job applications had been submitted, including 400 from the Enoch community and 1,000 from other First Nations (Chalmers, 2006). The First Nation spent $600,000 over a 16-month period on life skills and job readiness programs. Another $11 million was spent improving local infrastructure. The band invested $30 million; roughly 90% of it was on land for the casino site. It was expected that $50 million in housing, infrastructure, children and youth programs and programs for drug users, in particular alcohol and methamphetamine abusers, was needed. The casino was expected to generate $22 million annually for the Alberta Lottery Fund, $9 million of which would be directed to the FNDF. Actual Impacts A large proportion of FNDF revenues have been directed to non-gaming debt repayment. However, the size of the River Cree Casino & Resort means that in its first year, $15 million was generated through its charity (this does not include table games and keno revenue). According to the AGLC revenue distribution flowchart, this number represents 15% of slot revenues generated at the casino, and suggests that roughly $120 million was spent on slots and table games at the casino. This figure corresponds to the $30,835,225 FNDF allocation, which should be double what the charity brings in annually. Since a majority of FNDF revenues are directed to paying off the non-gaming investor debt, limited revenues have been directed to alternative economic development initiatives. No information was available concerning charity spending. 244
The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay back a portion of the $178 million debt to Paragon Gaming. Until then, the community is unable to access the FNDF according to their debt-repayment agreement. Anticipated Impacts Tsuu T’ina: Grey Eagle Casino The Tsuu T’ina originally anticipated the $30 million (total cost was $40 million) 75,000-squarefoot casino would bring in upwards of $100,000 daily. The Tsuu T’ina band council did not present the casino as the chief source of revenue. Rather, the money would fund a 30-year, $700 million economic plan to further diversify a growing reserve economy. This plan entailed developing a 940-acre parcel of land to build a seven-storey, 190-room hotel with a water park and convention facilities, big-box retail stores, a mall and heritage centre, a number of restaurants, beverage rooms, and a neighbourhood pub, plus an entertainment centre featuring a 225-seat theatre for live acts (Belanger, 2006). Two million square feet of new office and light-industrial space would be developed with the intention of attracting 15,000- 20,000 new jobs to the area (Parker, 2004). The immediate construction of 300 houses at Tsuu T’ina was needed to help offset endemic overcrowding and to draw 120 member families back to the community to work at the casino and in local businesses (Ferguson, 2007). An additional 250 homes would be needed over the next five years to meet local demand. As of the casino opening, the Tsuu T’ina operated 21 reserve businesses. Local unemployment rates nevertheless hovered around 80%, rising an additional 10% in winter. The anticipated 500 new casino jobs would provide a large number of reserve residents with access to regular, full-time employment that did not necessitate driving to Calgary and nearby communities. Training programs were also to be established to ensure that reserve residents had the skills necessary to work in the casino. Actual Impacts Despite the recent economic downturn Grey Eagle officials reported meeting their budgets for 2010. After several years of operations, the management team has a better understanding of the regional market, resulting in increasingly accurate budget projections. Layoffs have not occurred, and patron counts are unfailing. The casino “certainly exceeded our projections, by a considerable amount,” according to band spokesperson Peter Manywounds (APTN, 2008). In August 2008, the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN) reported that the casino was generating $58,000 daily for the band’s charitable fund. These revenues are used for various purposes. For instance, at the time of the casino’s opening 350 band members were on the housing wait list. In the first 7 months following the casino’s 245
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
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SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
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Again, other ways of organizing and
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4. The transfer of wealth and chang
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Compare Changes to those Observed i
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to document prior gambling opportun
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Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
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Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
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1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
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1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
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1980s There is a major expansion of
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1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
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1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
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2003 Federal agriculture minister m
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HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
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Number of Live Race Days per Year I
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Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
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Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
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Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
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Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
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Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
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Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
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Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
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1996 Slot machines and electronic h
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The main indices that speak to chan
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Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
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REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
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HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
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CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
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aggregate value of all tickets sold
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ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
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CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
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percentage of table game revenue re
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Figure 15. Location of Current and
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HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
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Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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Another way of looking at the overa
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increase has occurred since the ear
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WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
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Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
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Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
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Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
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EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
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Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
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winsorized then 75% of reported exp
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Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
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patronage and revenue. Attendance f
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However, less important than the ac
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Because of the paramount importance
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Actual Revenue Another source of da
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Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
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WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
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industry. The proportion of gamblin
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Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
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since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
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IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
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‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
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Several factors influence the perce
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There are also some important lesso
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Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
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Figure 31: Number of Charities per
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IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
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Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
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Table 34: North American Industry C
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Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
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Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
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their shared variance is taken into
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Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
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The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
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Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
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It is important to remember that th
Page 193 and 194: Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
Page 195 and 196: early 1990s, that was followed by a
Page 197 and 198: Table 54: Correlation between Crime
Page 199 and 200: Infrastructure Value The private se
Page 201 and 202: With respect to this first possibil
Page 203 and 204: increase in the comparison periods;
Page 205 and 206: Census Division Table 57: Business
Page 207 and 208: versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
Page 209 and 210: thinking in an interpretative act;
Page 211 and 212: The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
Page 213 and 214: Several community representatives a
Page 215 and 216: daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
Page 217 and 218: Increased crime was a related issue
Page 219 and 220: IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
Page 221 and 222: Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
Page 223 and 224: Table 60: Distributions to Differen
Page 225 and 226: Table 60 illustrates that the large
Page 227 and 228: McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
Page 229 and 230: Geographical Distribution As seen i
Page 231 and 232: Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
Page 233 and 234: Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
Page 235 and 236: etter skilled individuals in the co
Page 237 and 238: Problem Gambling A recent review of
Page 239 and 240: Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
Page 241 and 242: $500 chip. One municipal official c
Page 243: Both the increased affluence and th
Page 247 and 248: The fire department also represents
Page 249 and 250: chances. One official stated that t
Page 251 and 252: With the exception of 2006-2007, th
Page 253 and 254: Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
Page 255 and 256: (Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
Page 257 and 258: SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
Page 259 and 260: 1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
Page 261 and 262: can be said of charitable gambling
Page 263 and 264: Because revenue from charity casino
Page 265 and 266: Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
Page 267 and 268: Despite the relatively low rates of
Page 269 and 270: supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
Page 271 and 272: Some of these sentiments tend to su
Page 273 and 274: communities highlight the casinos a
Page 275 and 276: ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
Page 277 and 278: 2. The economic activity increases
Page 279 and 280: OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
Page 281 and 282: OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
Page 283 and 284: however, that the potential for bri
Page 285 and 286: REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
Page 287 and 288: Centre for Social and Health Outcom
Page 289 and 290: Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
Page 291 and 292: Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
Page 293 and 294: Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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