gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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Table 13: Total Number of Casino Events (days) per Year. 1970 NA 1980 833 1990 1,925 2000 NA 1971 NA 1981 941 1991 2,012 2001 NA 1972 NA 1982 961 1992 2,092 2002 NA 1973 NA 1983 1,086 1993 2,344 2003 NA 1974 NA 1984 1,108 1994 2,378 2004 NA 1975 NA 1985 1,154 1995 2,372 2005 2,893 1976 NA 1986 1,190 1996 2,773 2006 2,968 1977 NA 1987 1,230 1997 NA 2007 3,303 1978 NA 1988 1,396 1998 NA 2008 4,123 1979 808 1989 2,017 1999 NA 2009 8,592 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1970 1972 1974 1976 Figure 13: Total Casino Events (days) per 1000 Adults. 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 70
REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY The main historical changes in the regulation, organization, and provision of legal gambling in Alberta are as follows: 1869 - 1892 The foundational federal laws governing gambling in Canada are established, culminating in the 1892 Criminal Code. These laws prohibit all forms of gambling with the exception of social gambling between individuals, small raffles for charitable purposes, and horse race betting that occurs at the track. 1910 Criminal Code introduces detailed information on how pari-mutuel horse race betting should operate and designates the federal Ministry of Agriculture as the overseer of this betting system. 1925 Criminal Code amended to allow ‘lottery schemes’ at agricultural fairs and exhibitions. 1969 Criminal Code amended to permit lottery schemes by the federal or provincial governments. Provincial governments, in turn, could issue a gaming licence to charitable or religious organizations, agricultural fairs or exhibitions, or any individual. 1973 All Alberta gambling licencing is transferred to the newly created Lotteries Licensing Section of the Attorney General’s Department. 1974 Western Canada Lottery Foundation (WCLF) is formed by the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, to begin providing provincial lottery tickets. 1976 Alberta Attorney General creates the Gaming Control Branch to provide more comprehensive regulation of gambling (replacing the Lotteries Licensing unit) and to better handle the large number of new casino event applications from charities. 1979 The federal government withdraws from offering lottery schemes in return for $24 million annually from the provinces indexed to inflation. 1981 The Gaming Control Branch of the Attorney General’s office becomes responsible for administration and enforcement duties, and the new Alberta Gaming Commission becomes responsible for licensing, appeals, public information, public consultation and policy recommendations. 1983 Amendment to Criminal Code permits the federal or provincial governments to accept ‘pool betting’ on 2 or more sporting events. 1984 Wild Rose Foundation created to provide grants from lottery revenue to volunteer, non-profit organizations. 1985 Criminal Code amendment gives exclusive ability to operate ‘lottery schemes’ to the provinces. This same legislation limits the conduct and management of lottery schemes operated on or through a computer, video device or slot machine just to provincial governments. 1989 Criminal Code amended to permit off-track horse race betting. Alberta Lottery Fund established with all revenue from lottery schemes now being deposited into this fund, with funds to be disbursed for purposes supporting recreation or culture or any other purpose the Minister considers being in the public interest. In practice, the bulk of this revenue goes to government ministries and the rest goes to various granting agencies and foundations. 1991 All gambling-related agencies in the province fall under the responsibility of the Attorney General (Alberta Lotteries, WCLC-Alberta Division, Alberta Gaming Commission). 1995 All provincial gambling activities, with the exception of horse racing, are brought under the management of the new Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission (AGLC) (an amalgamation of the Alberta Gaming Commission, Gaming Control Branch, Alberta Lotteries, and Alberta Liquor Control Board). 71
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
Page 19 and 20: Aside from these practical issues,
Page 21 and 22: SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
Page 23 and 24: Again, other ways of organizing and
Page 25 and 26: 4. The transfer of wealth and chang
Page 27 and 28: Compare Changes to those Observed i
Page 29 and 30: to document prior gambling opportun
Page 31 and 32: Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
Page 33 and 34: Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
Page 35 and 36: 1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
Page 37 and 38: 1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
Page 39 and 40: 1980s There is a major expansion of
Page 41 and 42: 1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
Page 43 and 44: 1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
Page 45 and 46: 2003 Federal agriculture minister m
Page 47 and 48: HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
Page 49 and 50: Number of Live Race Days per Year I
Page 51 and 52: Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
Page 53 and 54: Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
Page 55 and 56: Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
Page 57 and 58: Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
Page 59 and 60: Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
Page 61 and 62: Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
Page 63 and 64: Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
Page 65 and 66: 1996 Slot machines and electronic h
Page 67 and 68: The main indices that speak to chan
Page 69: Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
Page 73 and 74: HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
Page 75 and 76: CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
Page 77 and 78: aggregate value of all tickets sold
Page 79 and 80: ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
Page 81 and 82: CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
Page 83 and 84: percentage of table game revenue re
Page 85 and 86: Figure 15. Location of Current and
Page 87 and 88: HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
Page 89 and 90: Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
Page 91 and 92: AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 93 and 94: Another way of looking at the overa
Page 95 and 96: increase has occurred since the ear
Page 97 and 98: WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
Page 99 and 100: Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
Page 101 and 102: Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
Page 103 and 104: Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
Page 105 and 106: EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
Page 107 and 108: Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
Page 109 and 110: winsorized then 75% of reported exp
Page 111 and 112: Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
Page 113 and 114: patronage and revenue. Attendance f
Page 115 and 116: However, less important than the ac
Page 117 and 118: Because of the paramount importance
Page 119 and 120: Actual Revenue Another source of da
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Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
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WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
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industry. The proportion of gamblin
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Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
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since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
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IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
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‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
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Several factors influence the perce
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There are also some important lesso
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Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
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Figure 31: Number of Charities per
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IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
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Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
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Table 34: North American Industry C
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Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
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Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
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their shared variance is taken into
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Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
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The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
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Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
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It is important to remember that th
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Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
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early 1990s, that was followed by a
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Table 54: Correlation between Crime
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Infrastructure Value The private se
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With respect to this first possibil
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increase in the comparison periods;
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Census Division Table 57: Business
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versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
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thinking in an interpretative act;
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The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
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Several community representatives a
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daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
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Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
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McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
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Problem Gambling A recent review of
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Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
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Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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