gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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Table 19: Gambling Expenditure per Year per Participant as a Function of Game Type (in 2010 dollars). 1992 1993 1998 2001 2002 (2003) (2004) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Any Gambling $349 $385 $845 $1126 $1251 -- -- -- -- $1384 $1390 $1245 Lotteries $118 $109 $154 $119 $119 ($110) ($101) $106 $106 $130 $118 $118 Instant Win (Scratch) -- $39 -- $93 $80 -- -- -- -- $76 $97 $85 Raffles $20 $26 $32 $50 -- ($46) ($65) $74 $55 -- -- -- Pull-Tickets -- $98 $75 -- -- ($28) ($32) $38 $28 -- -- -- Slot Machines -- -- -- $1325 $1550 ($1427) ($1709) $2239 $1954 -- $2686 $2881 VLTs $159 $229 $1938 $2829 $3296 ($2057) ($2061) $2440 $2576 -- $2618 $2173 Casino Table Games $535 $426 $772 $1117 $910 ($522) ($531) $708 $600 $783 $888 $1082 Bingo $485 $453 $593 $642 $676 ($303) ($286) $479 $484 $422 $504 $408 Horse Racing $339 $356 $340 $373 $400 -- -- -- -- $335 $273 $350 Note: Forms of gambling where there are no reliable revenue figures are not included in this table. Note: The per participant expenditures in 2003 and 2004 are lower than actual due to gambling participation rates that are somewhat elevated (see Footnote ‘a’ in previous table). 104
EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonable consistency in the profile of VLT and/or slot players over the past 10 years. In general, VLT and slot players appear to mirror 2006 Alberta census data with respect to gender, age, employment status, educational attainment, and income levels. The only areas of obvious difference concern the fact that VLT and slot players are less likely to be immigrants, and they have 3 to 4 times higher rates of problem gambling (as measured by a score of 5 or higher 38 on the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI)) (Ferris & Wynne, 2001). Personal income may also be slightly higher than average. Table 20: Demographic Profile of Alberta Slot Machine and/or VLT Players Compared to the 2006 Alberta Census. 2001 2002 2007 39 2008 2009 2006 census Male 48.2% 54.6% (52.7%) 48.1% 45.2% 50.0% Female 51.8% 45.4% (47.3%) 51.9% 54.8% 50.0% Age 18 – 34 42.5% 38.5% (41.7%) 31.7% 35.9% 32.5% Age 35 – 54 36.3% 39.0% (34.7%) 39.2% 35.0% 40.5% Age 55+ 21.2% 22.5% (23.6%) 29.1% 29.1% 26.9% Married or Common Law 57.5% 61.7% (71.7%) 63.4% 72.1% 55.4% Employed Full Time 61.1% 60.1% (59.1%) 58.5% 54.1% 61.0% Completed High School or Less 41.0% 37.9% (39.7%) -- 40 -- 39.5% Household income < $30K 21.2% 17.7% (7.5%) -- 41 -- 19.4% Household income $30K - $49.9K 25.6% 20.5% (19.4%) -- -- 18.9% Household income $50K+ 53.2% 62.0% (73.1%) -- -- 61.7% Caucasian 88.9% -- (87.6%) 78.7% 80.9% 80.3% Aboriginal 5.7% -- (2.5%) 6.5% 6.7% 5.8% Other Ethnicity 5.4% -- (9.9%) 14.8% 12.4% 13.9% Immigrant -- 7.0% -- 9.8% 7.7% 16.2% # different gambling formats played 3.8 3.8 Problem Gambling Prevalence vs. General Population (CPGI 5+) 9.0% vs. 2.7% 6.5% vs. 1.7% 4.3% vs. 1.6% Note: detailed demographic information was not collected in the 2003 – 2006 surveys. 6.5% vs. 1.9% 7.8% vs. 3.5% 38 A score of 5 or higher provides a better demarcation of problem gambling than the traditional cut-off of 3+ or 8+ (Williams & Volberg, 2010). This will be discussed further in the Problem Gambling section of this report. 39 Results must be taken with caution due to a very small sample size of slot/VLT players (n = 193). 40 Question was not asked in exactly the same way as Statistics Canada. The category that is most similar is ‘completed high school and/or some post-secondary’ (or less) = 49.0% in 2008 and 50.3% in 2009. 41 This survey assessed personal income rather than household income and asked the question in a different way (i.e., “To the nearest $10,000 what was your approximate income” (with options listed in $10K increments)): In 2008 34.4% reported a personal income of $30K or below; 19.3% reported a personal income of $40K or $50K; and 46.3% had a personal income of greater than $50K. In 2009 35.8% had a personal income of $30K or lower; 19.3% had an income of $40K or $50K; and 44.9% had an income of greater than $50K. In 2008 Statistics Canada reports that 34.9% of adult Albertans had a personal income of $50K and higher. -- 105
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
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SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
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Again, other ways of organizing and
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4. The transfer of wealth and chang
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Compare Changes to those Observed i
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to document prior gambling opportun
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Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
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Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
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1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
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1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
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1980s There is a major expansion of
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1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
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1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
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2003 Federal agriculture minister m
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HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
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Number of Live Race Days per Year I
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Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
Page 53 and 54: Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
Page 55 and 56: Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
Page 57 and 58: Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
Page 59 and 60: Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
Page 61 and 62: Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
Page 63 and 64: Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
Page 65 and 66: 1996 Slot machines and electronic h
Page 67 and 68: The main indices that speak to chan
Page 69 and 70: Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
Page 71 and 72: REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
Page 73 and 74: HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
Page 75 and 76: CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
Page 77 and 78: aggregate value of all tickets sold
Page 79 and 80: ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
Page 81 and 82: CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
Page 83 and 84: percentage of table game revenue re
Page 85 and 86: Figure 15. Location of Current and
Page 87 and 88: HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
Page 89 and 90: Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
Page 91 and 92: AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 93 and 94: Another way of looking at the overa
Page 95 and 96: increase has occurred since the ear
Page 97 and 98: WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
Page 99 and 100: Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
Page 101 and 102: Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
Page 103: Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
Page 107 and 108: Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
Page 109 and 110: winsorized then 75% of reported exp
Page 111 and 112: Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
Page 113 and 114: patronage and revenue. Attendance f
Page 115 and 116: However, less important than the ac
Page 117 and 118: Because of the paramount importance
Page 119 and 120: Actual Revenue Another source of da
Page 121 and 122: Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
Page 123 and 124: WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
Page 125 and 126: industry. The proportion of gamblin
Page 127 and 128: Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
Page 129 and 130: since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
Page 131 and 132: IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
Page 133 and 134: ‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
Page 135 and 136: Several factors influence the perce
Page 137 and 138: There are also some important lesso
Page 139 and 140: Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
Page 141 and 142: Figure 31: Number of Charities per
Page 143 and 144: IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
Page 145 and 146: Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
Page 147 and 148: Table 34: North American Industry C
Page 149 and 150: Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
Page 151 and 152: percentage of the population (i.e.,
Page 153 and 154: Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
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their shared variance is taken into
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Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
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The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
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Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
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It is important to remember that th
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Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
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early 1990s, that was followed by a
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Table 54: Correlation between Crime
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Infrastructure Value The private se
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With respect to this first possibil
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increase in the comparison periods;
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Census Division Table 57: Business
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versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
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thinking in an interpretative act;
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The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
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Several community representatives a
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daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
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Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
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McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
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Problem Gambling A recent review of
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Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
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Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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