gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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1983 Federal government passes the Athletic Contests and Events Pool Act effecting an amendment to the Criminal Code (s.205) allowing the federal or provincial governments to offer a “pool system of betting on any combination of 2 or more athletic contests or events” and creating the Canadian Sports Pool Corporation (CSPC). 1985 Revised Criminal Code. This initiative was actively opposed by the provincial governments and Major League Baseball. 10 new bingo associations are formed bringing the provincial total to about 15. WCLF ticket lottery proceeds were reallocated as follows: 15% to Calgary Stampede (up to $2.5 million), 15% to Edmonton Northlands (up to $2.5 million), 5% to the Wild Rose Foundation, 32.5% to cultural foundations and 32.5% to sports foundations. 1984 Alberta’s Gaming Control Branch develops terms and conditions for bingo associations. Alberta government creates the Wild Rose Foundation to provide grants from lottery revenue to volunteer, non-profit organizations. Canadian Sports Pool Corporation begins offering legal sports betting in May on North American major professional sports leagues (‘Sports Select’). Bettors are required to pick the winner of 2 or more games. Funds raised are slated for the 1988 Calgary Olympics. However, sales are poor. CSPC ceased operation in September and is dissolved in 1985. 1985 In December, the federal government makes an amendment to the Criminal Code (s.207) to: o Give exclusive ability to operate ‘lottery schemes’ to the provinces (in accordance with any provincial law) in exchange for $100 million to support the 1988 Olympics, plus the indexed annual contribution agreed to in 1979. o Broaden the definition of a ‘lottery scheme’ to “a game or proposal, scheme, plan, means, device, contrivance or operation whether or not it involves betting, pool selling or a pool system of betting” other than: Bookmaking, pool selling, or the making or recording of bets on any race, fight, or single sporting event (i.e., federal government retains control of horse racing) 3-card monte, punch boards, and coin tables o Limit the ‘conduct and management’ of lottery schemes operated on or through a computer, video device or slot machine just to provincial governments. o Eliminate the monetary limits on lottery scheme prizes and tickets operated by authorized charitable or religious organizations and increase the maximum ticket price to $2 and the prize limit to $500 for authorized individuals (agricultural fairs/exhibitions had these limits removed in 1969). A government lottery review gathers Albertans’ views on the disbursement of unused lottery revenue. British Columbia withdraws from the WCLF and forms its own lottery corporation. Due to the popularity of Lotto 6/49, draws for this lottery are increased to twice a week. 1986 WCLF becomes the Western Canada Lottery Corporation (WCLC). Casino ABS South opens in Edmonton (now Casino Edmonton), becoming Alberta’s third permanent casino. Instant win (scratch) tickets are sold for the first time by the WCLC. Tickets cost $1 and prizes range from $2 to $10,000. 1988 Alberta Gaming Commission increases the number of allowable casinos per week (4 to 8), the betting limit (now $50), and the number of blackjack tables permitted in a casino. Another permanent casino opens in Calgary (Frontier Casino on the grounds of Stampede Park, now Stampede Casino). 40
1989 In June the Criminal Code of Canada is amended (s.204) to permit off-track horse race betting in specially designated betting theatres owned or leased by an approved race track association in a province that has issued a licence to that association for the betting theatre. Bets are transmitted electronically to the track. Interprovincial Lottery Amendment Act establishes the Alberta Lottery Fund with all net revenue from lottery schemes now being deposited into this fund, with funds to be disbursed for purposes supporting recreation or culture or any other purpose the Minister considers being in the public interest. In practice, the bulk of this money goes to government ministries and the rest goes to various granting agencies and foundations. The first horseracing simulcast is run at Calgary’s Trout Springs. Alberta’s first casino expressly built for the purpose of providing casino gambling opens in Calgary (now Elbow River Casino). 1990s The 1990s sees a continued major expansion of legal gambling coincident with a major increase in per capita gambling expenditures. Legal sports betting is re-introduced by the Western Canada Lottery Corporation. Satellite bingo is introduced. Video lottery terminals are introduced into licensed bars across the province and immediately generate significant revenues. Slot machines are introduced into casinos and racetracks. There is a significant increase in the number and size of permanent casinos. There is an expanded number of instant win and traditional lottery games although some flattening of per capita lottery expenditures. Rules are loosened concerning casinos serving liquor on the gambling floor and operation on Sundays. Horse racing declines further in popularity and horse racing revenues are increasingly derived from simulcast betting rather than live Alberta races. First Nations groups express interest in establishing casinos. There are increased concerns about problem gambling. The first ‘backlash’ against gambling occurs when plebiscites vote VLTs out of some communities. 1990 In October the Western Canada Lottery Corporation offers legal sports betting on 3 or more major league football or hockey games (‘Sports Select’). This initiative is opposed by the National Hockey League. Teletheatre (off-track horse race) betting is introduced in Alberta. Sandman Inn Casino in Edmonton opens but closes after only seven months of operation. Palace Casino in Edmonton opens. Mini Baccarat is a new table game permitted in casinos. 1991 All gambling-related agencies in the province fall under the responsibility of the Attorney General (Alberta Lotteries, WCLC-Alberta Division, Alberta Gaming Commission). Video lottery terminals (VLTs) are tested at summer fairs in Edmonton and Calgary. POGO (Pick One, Get One) lottery introduced. Casino opened in the base of the Calgary Tower. It closes several years later. 1992 First prevalence study of Albertan gambling behaviour and attitudes shows that 89% of adult Albertans gambled in past year and people are evenly divided about whether there is too much or not enough legal gambling available (Gambling Attitudes and Behaviour of Albertans) Additional $2 (Bingo) and $5 (Western Adventure) instant win games introduced. VLTs are introduced to Alberta bars/lounges beginning in March. 41
Page 1 and 2: Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
Page 3 and 4: Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
Page 5 and 6: AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
Page 9 and 10: Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
Page 11 and 12: than empirical in nature. Thus, the
Page 13 and 14: While the above described approach
Page 15 and 16: census. A supplemental Online Gener
Page 17 and 18: THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
Page 19 and 20: Aside from these practical issues,
Page 21 and 22: SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
Page 23 and 24: Again, other ways of organizing and
Page 25 and 26: 4. The transfer of wealth and chang
Page 27 and 28: Compare Changes to those Observed i
Page 29 and 30: to document prior gambling opportun
Page 31 and 32: Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
Page 33 and 34: Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
Page 35 and 36: 1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
Page 37 and 38: 1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
Page 39: 1980s There is a major expansion of
Page 43 and 44: 1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
Page 45 and 46: 2003 Federal agriculture minister m
Page 47 and 48: HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
Page 49 and 50: Number of Live Race Days per Year I
Page 51 and 52: Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
Page 53 and 54: Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
Page 55 and 56: Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
Page 57 and 58: Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
Page 59 and 60: Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
Page 61 and 62: Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
Page 63 and 64: Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
Page 65 and 66: 1996 Slot machines and electronic h
Page 67 and 68: The main indices that speak to chan
Page 69 and 70: Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
Page 71 and 72: REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
Page 73 and 74: HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
Page 75 and 76: CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
Page 77 and 78: aggregate value of all tickets sold
Page 79 and 80: ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
Page 81 and 82: CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
Page 83 and 84: percentage of table game revenue re
Page 85 and 86: Figure 15. Location of Current and
Page 87 and 88: HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
Page 89 and 90: Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
Page 91 and 92:
AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 93 and 94:
Another way of looking at the overa
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increase has occurred since the ear
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WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
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Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
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Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
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Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
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EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
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Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
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winsorized then 75% of reported exp
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Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
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patronage and revenue. Attendance f
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However, less important than the ac
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Because of the paramount importance
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Actual Revenue Another source of da
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Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
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WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
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industry. The proportion of gamblin
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Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
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since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
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IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
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‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
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Several factors influence the perce
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There are also some important lesso
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Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
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Figure 31: Number of Charities per
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IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
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Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
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Table 34: North American Industry C
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Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
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Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
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their shared variance is taken into
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Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
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The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
Page 183 and 184:
Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
Page 191 and 192:
It is important to remember that th
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Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
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early 1990s, that was followed by a
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Table 54: Correlation between Crime
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Infrastructure Value The private se
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With respect to this first possibil
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increase in the comparison periods;
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Census Division Table 57: Business
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versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
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thinking in an interpretative act;
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The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
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Several community representatives a
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daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
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Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
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McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
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Problem Gambling A recent review of
Page 239 and 240:
Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
Page 287 and 288:
Centre for Social and Health Outcom
Page 289 and 290:
Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
Page 291 and 292:
Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
Page 293 and 294:
Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
Page 295 and 296:
2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
Page 307 and 308:
GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
Page 309 and 310:
GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
Page 311 and 312:
GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
Page 313 and 314:
GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
Page 327 and 328:
SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
Page 329 and 330:
2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
Page 335 and 336:
Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
Page 337:
7. A thorough due diligence investi
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