„‚ CONDITIONS THAT HINDER EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

for the unexpected. He or she remains open to sudden changes and is comfortable with
letting things happen by chance; this person adapts well to changing environments and
usually enjoys being given a variety of tasks.
COMBINING ATTITUDE AND FUNCTION
Jungian Functional Types
Jung categorized people according to the psychological functions of thinking, feeling,
sensation, and intuition; each of these functions then could be found in either extraverted
or introverted individuals. In this way, Jung recognized eight functional types:
extraverted sensing, extraverted intuitive, extraverted thinking, extraverted feeling,
introverted sensing, introverted intuitive, introverted thinking, and introverted feeling.
The Myers-Briggs Types
The sixteen four-letter type indicators that classify types in the Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator (MBTI) consist of one letter representing a trait from each pair. Thus, the
possible sixteen combinations are ISTJ, ESTJ, INTJ, ENTJ, ISTP, ESTP, INTP, ENTP,
ISFJ, ESFJ, INFJ, ENFJ, ISFP, ESFP, INFP, and ENFP. Each of these types has certain
characteristics and preferences that distinguish it from other types.
ISTJ (Introverted-Sensing-Thinking-Judging). The ISTJ type is dependable and
decisive. Attention to detail, combined with dependability, draws a person of this type to
careers in which he or she can work alone and can focus on results, objective thinking,
and procedures.
ESTJ (Extraverted-Sensing-Thinking-Judging). People of this type perceive through
their senses rather than through their intuition and can be described as practical and
oriented toward facts. Because of their focus on visible, measurable results, this type is
ideally suited to organizing and directing the production of products.
INTJ (Introverted-Intuitive-Thinking-Judging). The INTJ type is naturally good at
brainstorming and excels at turning theory into practice. People of this type often choose
careers that allow them to create and apply technology, and they often rise rapidly in an
organization because of their abilities to focus on both the overall picture and the details
of a situation.
ENTJ (Extraverted-Intuitive-Thinking-Judging). The ENTJ type uses intuition
rather than sensing to explore possibilities and relationships between and among things.
People of this type have a strong desire to lead and tend to rise quickly to uppermanagement
levels.
ISTP (Introverted-Sensing-Thinking-Perceiving). An ISTP type excels in technical
and scientific fields because he or she uses sensing and thinking to analyze and organize
data. Not wasting time is a key value for a person of this type, who tends to become
bored by tasks that are too routine or too open ended.
ESTP (Extraverted-Sensing-Thinking-Perceiving). The ESTP type makes decisions
based on logic more than on feelings. Such a person prefers to learn as he or she goes
The Pfeiffer Library Volume 6, 2nd Edition. Copyright ©1998 Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer ❚❘ 133