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„‚ CONDITIONS THAT HINDER EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

„‚ CONDITIONS THAT HINDER EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

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should be invited to participate in the planning and implementation of educational and<br />

structural interventions (Alderfer, 1976; Beckhard & Harris, 1977; Beer, 1980).<br />

Although a number of intervention strategies have been discussed, others are likely<br />

to be discovered as these are implemented. It is critical that evaluation be conducted in<br />

order to determine the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches. Evaluation<br />

research should include interviews and questionnaires to assess the impact of changes in<br />

systems and procedures or participation in educational events. As these data are<br />

collected, they will provide the basis for further diagnosis and subsequent interventions.<br />

More basic research should continue as well. We have only begun to understand the<br />

psychological and structural factors that shape a person’s willingness and capacity to<br />

initiate relationships with colleagues of another generation. There also is a gap in our<br />

understanding of how to manage cross-sex and interracial dynamics in developmental<br />

relationships; as we develop further insight, it will be possible to invent new strategies<br />

for overcoming these significant obstacles. Similarly, as our understanding of mentoring<br />

alternatives increases, interventions to enhance the range of relationship options<br />

available to organizational members will evolve.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Alderfer, C.P. (1976). Change processes in organizations. In M.D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and<br />

organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally.<br />

Alderfer, C.P., & Brown, L.D. (1975). Learning from changing: Organizational diagnosis and development.<br />

Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.<br />

Alleman, E. (1982). Mentoring relationships in organizations: Behavior, personality characteristics, and<br />

interpersonal perceptions. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Akron, Akron, OH.<br />

An “Old Girl Network” Is Born. (1978, November 20). Business Week, pp. 154-156.<br />

Argyris, C. (1970). Intervention theory and method: A behavioral science view. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.<br />

Baird, L., & Kram, K. (1983, Summer). Career dynamics: Managing the superior-subordinate relationship.<br />

Organizational Dynamics, pp. 46-64.<br />

Bass, B.M., & Vaughn, J.A. (1966). Training in industry: The management of learning. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.<br />

Beckhard, R. (1969). Organization development: Strategies and models. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.<br />

Beckhard, R., & Harris, R. (1977). Organizational transitions. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.<br />

Beer, M. (1980). Organizational change and development: A system view. Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear.<br />

Bennis, W.G., Benne, K.D., & Chin, R. (1969). The planning of change. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.<br />

Clawson, J. (1980). Mentoring in managerial careers. In C. Brooklyn Derr (Ed.), Work, family, and the career.<br />

New York: Praeger.<br />

Collins, E., & Scott, P. (1978, July-August). Everyone who makes it has a mentor. Harvard Business Review, pp.<br />

89-101.<br />

Dalton, G., Thompson, P., & Price, R. (1977, Summer). The four stages of professional careers: A new look at<br />

performance by professionals. Organizational Dynamics, pp. 19-42.<br />

Dalton, M. (1959). Men who manage. New York: John Wiley.<br />

268 ❘❚<br />

The Pfeiffer Library Volume 6, 2nd Edition. Copyright ©1998 Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer

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