John James Marshall thesis.pdf - OpenAIR @ RGU - Robert Gordon ...

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discussed the ‘free revealing’ of proprietary information and the means by which free revealers can benefit in terms of their professional reputation and network of contacts. Inspired by this, on 1 st December, 2005 the researcher launched a research blog 46 . The researcher chose to use Blogger (owned and operated by Google) because it is set up to work over a web browser and is free (there are many other blogging platforms available). The researcher has made use of various third-party applications that have been embedded in the blog’s sidebar (a column adjacent to the main content of the site) as links and ‘widgets’ 47 . The researcher has been making use of the webbased news aggregator Bloglines (there are many other aggregators available). This is an application for browsing blogs and other documents via RSS (Really Simple Syndication). RSS is a format to publish frequently updated content such as blog entries in an automated manner. This has allowed the researcher to subscribe to sites that regularly publish information that is pertinent to this research project. These were identified throughout the research process. Within the Bloglines application the researcher can view several ‘feeds’ (the researcher is currently subscribed to twenty-two separate sources) without having to click on multiple sites. The researcher has also made use of social book marking web service del.icio.us (there are many other social book marking sites available) for storing, and discovering links added by other users. Users of this service store links to web pages they find useful. These link lists are publicly accessible and other people with similar interests can view the links by categories or keywords. These links can be searched and are ranked by the number of users which have book marked them. 3.2 A critical review of designed objects The use of computer-based design and fabrication technologies across a range of contexts raises at least one prominent problem that hinders discussion across subject domains. That is how to establish parity between evaluative concepts 46 http://designedobjects.blogspot.com/ 47 “A web widget is a portable chunk of code that can be installed and executed within any separate HTML-based web page by an end user without requiring additional compilation.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_widget - 107 -
used for objects of differing scales, functions and purposes? For example, how can we discuss Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain (Figure 24) and Karim Rashid’s ‘Garbo’ rubbish bin (Figure 25) as being of the same order of object? Some may question why we would want to do this in the first place but it is difficult to argue against the fact that neither would have existed had it not been for the use of computer-based design and fabrication tools. Figure 24: ‘Guggenheim Museum Bilbao’, 1997. Frank Gehry The process of analysis began with the most practical course available: analysis of the objects already gathered from the researcher’s previous involvement in the field. During the research project, provisional criteria and preliminary models emerged from patterns that were observed. Eventually the data was compacted as it became apparent the computer-based aspects of the conception, production and consumption of the objects formed the core criteria of the study. The study makes use of a set of one hundred and forty-eight objects produced by a wide array of practitioners within the past ten years. This was narrowed from a set of two hundred objects. Fifty-two objects were removed because they were produced by a practitioner already represented in the set (and the objects were of a similar type). Several virtual reality objects were also removed as the study focused in on the production aspects of computer-based design and fabrication technologies in the creation of physical objects. - 108 -
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OpenAIR@RGU The Open Access Institu
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Table of contents Table of contents
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Table of tables Table 1: Bruce Ster
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Image credits Figure 4: ‘Ridges O
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Keywords ART, DESIGN, DIGITAL, HYBR
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1.0 Introduction This research is c
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Since 2002, the researcher has also
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The specific research questions to
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helping practitioners from many are
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synthetic or pluralist perspective
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Figure 1: A simple model of the com
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General Motors to begin developing
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introduction of feature-based param
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In 2005 the exhibition ‘Blobjects
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art. The theme of the exhibition wa
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technologies and not necessarily th
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executed by various technologies an
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purposely exploit computer-based te
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“…so much for automating tasks
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embodied in traditional craft pract
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Obviously it is necessary to look b
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The computer is being used as a too
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the proliferation of ‘responsive
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Figure 11: ‘Amazing Whale Jaw’,
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Figure 14: ‘SLS® Dress’, 2005.
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with sensors which were activated b
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These designer-makers are exploring
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ackground, providing just another p
Page 57 and 58: Type of object Description Requirem
Page 59 and 60: 2.7 Ontologies of production: 21 st
Page 61 and 62: design and fabrication facilities,
Page 63 and 64: “Unfortunately, the ability to ma
Page 65 and 66: information about these on their we
Page 67 and 68: have now are the needs other users
Page 69 and 70: As the use of computer-based design
Page 71 and 72: cross-disciplinary problem solving
Page 73 and 74: hybridization of cultural categorie
Page 75 and 76: “Boundary objects are both plasti
Page 77 and 78: association with function (Fairs, 2
Page 79 and 80: “…excludes the mind (the exclus
Page 81 and 82: causing a loss of this ‘aura’.
Page 83 and 84: “…the creative act is not perfo
Page 85 and 86: Figure 22: ‘The Treason of Images
Page 87 and 88: these have often served the covert
Page 89 and 90: highly developed collaborative skil
Page 91 and 92: plastic arts. However, media theori
Page 93 and 94: explores the work of artists 39 act
Page 95 and 96: elationships for hybrid art and des
Page 97 and 98: to reimagine the cultural role of d
Page 99 and 100: knobs, materials and mechanisms - i
Page 101 and 102: From the contextual review we can s
Page 103 and 104: used by architects (and others) as
Page 105 and 106: 3.0 Methodology This study fits wit
Page 107: the data: survey results, interview
Page 111 and 112: These practitioners represent a spe
Page 113 and 114: team each selected their top six 50
Page 115 and 116: to survey existing works, explore f
Page 117 and 118: their experience and perceptions re
Page 119 and 120: digital voice recorder. Each partne
Page 121 and 122: There are many existing technology
Page 123 and 124: Survival Mastery Impact The introdu
Page 125 and 126: negative terms to their positives (
Page 127 and 128: work. The review indicated a need f
Page 129 and 130: service Preview Trend Direction 56
Page 131 and 132: (Image Source 58 ). An indication o
Page 133 and 134: The instance of Rashid’s ‘Garbo
Page 135 and 136: Figure 30: ‘D-tower’, 2004. Lar
Page 137 and 138: software to interpolate a curve thr
Page 139 and 140: industrial context. Most of the obj
Page 141 and 142: Figure 36: ‘Geo’, 2005. Keith B
Page 143 and 144: distinctions based on the means by
Page 145 and 146: Figure 41: ‘Sketch Furniture’,
Page 147 and 148: Category Image Result Title Holy Gh
Page 149 and 150: elationship is indicated and given
Page 151 and 152: Figure 44: Database categories in t
Page 153 and 154: Manglano-Ovalle’s ‘Cloud Protot
Page 155 and 156: Figure 46: Increasing ‘complexity
Page 157 and 158: 21. Janne Kyttanen & Jiri Evenhuis
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Q3. When you see the term ‘3D com
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Q5. When did you first make use of
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Impact References New formal possib
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Relationship Response Percent Respo
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Figure 47: A map of exemplary pract
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The researcher continued developing
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were informed the Manchester Digita
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links to the community, educational
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Figure 50: A rendering of the glaze
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This exhibition will bring emerging
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able to participate and Driessens &
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We received forty-six submissions b
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4.5 A public exhibition and symposi
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27/06/2006 Additional practitioners
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Figure 52: ‘Holy Ghost’, 2006.
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Figure 54: ‘What’s Cooking Gran
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The architects initially proposed t
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and in newsletters and on blogs. Th
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Figure 60: ‘Light Sensitive Disk
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Some visitors to the exhibition see
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Figure 65: ‘Penrose Strapping 1
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The texts have titles such as ‘A
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Open Call 9. ‘Warp’ by London-b
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These were decided based on the con
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How would you rate the quality of i
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1. Where did you see the call for P
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4. What did you expect to get out o
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6. Was there someone you expected t
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9. Were you happy with the way your
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These practitioners considered that
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15. How would you sum up the core t
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The inverse of the previous questio
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20. Have you received any new oppor
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23. Has being in the exhibition had
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27. What formal training have you h
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30. What (for you) is the key benef
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32. What is most important to you t
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34. What does the term ‘3D comput
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practice was contingent on the cont
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39. Do you think there is a trend t
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hybrid disciplines. Also 1 (17%) pr
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(4%) strongly disagreed with this s
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the exhibition ‘felt a bit steril
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The Exhibition (expectations) The r
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Programme Manager I am pleased that
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The partners were asked what kind o
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Programme Manager We weren’t tryi
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13. What would you do differently i
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15. In your opinion, what was the w
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18. How would you sum up the core t
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The Exhibition (aftermath) The rese
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23. What feedback from funders did
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Programme Manager I’m not really
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Programme Manager I know that we ha
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Date What Where Who Communities 28/
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4.5.8 Summary of public exhibition
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etween them. Professor Krauss respo
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The conjunction of ‘product desig
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art is a form of media art that int
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Practitioner Title Category Type of
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5.0 Discussion This thesis has exam
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much part of the discourse of ‘di
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From the responses received slightl
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5.5 A public exhibition and symposi
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now faced in the design-related fie
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the exhibition primarily as a means
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Four visitors indicated the diversi
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model rather than the service provi
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interest around the field of enquir
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technologies into their practice an
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6.0 Conclusions This study came abo
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the form of surveys and interviews
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From To Reference Expensive Technol
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increased capacity for a transdisci
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6.5 Outcomes This research project
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underpin computer-based or hybrid p
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Selective Laser Sintering (SLS®) 1
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8.0 References 3D SYSTEMS, 2007. 3D
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BEAMAN, J., 1997. The early roots o
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COLES, A., 2005a. DesignArt. London
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EVIL MAD SCIENTIST LABORATORIES, 20
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GRAHAM, B., 2005. Taxonomies of new
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JENKINS, I., 2003. Art for art's sa
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LUPTON, E., 1998. Design and produc
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MILLER, D., ed. 1998. Material cult
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RENDELL, J. 2006. Art and Architect
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STORKERSON, P., 1997. Defining desi
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9.0 Appendix I: Transcript of sympo
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interdisciplinary design practice.
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viewed as a bridge between technolo
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John this morning through the show
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the detriment of the latter. As tut
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mainly used in the animation indust
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uses the physical nature of the gla
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avoiding using a pen and paper soun
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they sit in a specific location alw
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cut the day before that has been sc
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Pass at the end of August for ten d
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what functional use they might be t
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of ornament and the fact that a lot
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might be done with rapid prototypin
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prototyping. Materialise started of
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off with twenty two. I think that c
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finished that was necessary because
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go inside those kitchens and really
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www.whatscookinggrandma.net MC: It
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and it wasn’t quite the same thin
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Paul Rodgers: Well, he wouldn’t.
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sort of urban scape art projects. I
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described - the tools that you are
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about the make up of the cloth that
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From the floor: I'm just wondering
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well. So it’s not just changing t
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10.0 Appendix II: Practitioner 1 in
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looped animation and implying that
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33. What do you consider constitute
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digitally and have someone mould it
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innovation within technology, not i
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It had a nice feeling about it. I d
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29. How have computer technologies
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I’ve just started to define mysel
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12.0 Appendix IV: Practitioner 3 in
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14. Did you think the exhibition wa
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26. When did you first make use of
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13.0 Appendix V: Practitioner 4 int
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smaller things like lamps as well a
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I suppose diversity within each pra
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24. Would you be interested in bein
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nicer than seeing something at the
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It’s a very central role and it
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5. Who did you expect to be in the
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Especially the windows as well. You
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It’s pretty strong to my heart, b
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28. How would you describe how you
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how it’ll trace, leaving a trace
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36. In terms of discipline where do
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15.0 Appendix VII: Practitioner 6 i
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18. Many visitors to the exhibition
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It could mean a variety of things,
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16.0 Appendix VIII: Creative Direct
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I think it was an interesting role,
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10. Did the exhibition live up to y
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which was Ben’s work which for me
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that should be in London. So there
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Obviously all of the artists that w
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Yes, actually one of the things tha
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key element of that. It’s not jus
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original proposal which felt like a
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I think that we were very fortunate
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things could have felt quite differ
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potential energy that could be crea
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28. Has being involved in PBB had a
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Of course and we did extend an invi
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