John James Marshall thesis.pdf - OpenAIR @ RGU - Robert Gordon ...

Table of contents
Table of contents..........................................................................................................................2
Table of tables...............................................................................................................................4
Table of figures.............................................................................................................................4
Image credits.................................................................................................................................6
Keywords .......................................................................................................................................8
Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................8
Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................................9
1.0 Introduction .........................................................................................................................10
1.1 Researcher’s previous experience ...............................................................................10
1.2 Rationale for the research............................................................................................. 12
2.0 Critical and contextual review ........................................................................................ 15
2.1 Technological context..................................................................................................... 15
2.2 A brief history of art and (industrial) technology .................................................. 17
2.2.1 Early developments..................................................................................................20
2.2.2 1960s............................................................................................................................22
2.2.3 1970s ............................................................................................................................23
2.2.4 1980s ...........................................................................................................................23
2.2.5 1990s............................................................................................................................24
2.2.6 21 st Century ................................................................................................................25
2.3 CAD/CAM and RP&M in sculpture (practitioner-led activity)............................26
2.3.1 CAD/CAM and RP&M in sculpture (beyond practitioner-led activity) ......30
2.4 Developing critical discourse.......................................................................................34
2.5 Developments in architectural practice....................................................................40
2.6 A re-examination of object making from a cross-disciplinary perspective.....44
2.6.1 From productivity tools to opportunities for design experimentation .....52
2.7 Ontologies of production: 21 st Century transformations in manufacturing ...58
2.7.1 Desktop manufacturing ..........................................................................................58
2.7.2 Personal fabrication ............................................................................................... 60
2.7.3 Mass-customised production................................................................................63
2.7.4 Design to order (DTO) ............................................................................................63
2.7.5 Individualised production .....................................................................................64
2.7.6 Democratised production ......................................................................................65
2.7.7 Open Source and crowd-sourced design............................................................67
2.8 A critical challenge to disciplinary domains............................................................68
2.8.1 Modes of knowledge production ..........................................................................69
2.8.2 Modes of disciplinarity........................................................................................... 71
2.8.3 Boundary objects .....................................................................................................73
2.9 A critical examination of hybrid forms of practice................................................74
2.9.1 Art’s ontological privileges ....................................................................................79
2.9.2 Beyond binary classification................................................................................ 80
2.9.3 Postmodern reappraisals of Modernist ideologies.........................................84
2.9.4 New forms of design practice ...............................................................................87
2.9.5 Implications for audiences and users ................................................................89
2.9.6 Re-examining the relationship between art and design................................ 91
2.9.7 Other hybrid forms of art and design practice.................................................95
2.10 Summary of critical and contextual review ...........................................................99
3.0 Methodology.......................................................................................................................104
3.1 An engaged practitioner ..............................................................................................106
3.1.1 Live discourse ..........................................................................................................106
3.2 A critical review of designed objects........................................................................ 107
3.3 A survey of international practitioners...................................................................109
3.4 Development of a curatorial framework ................................................................ 110
3.5 A public exhibition and symposium..........................................................................113
3.5.1 Practitioner interviews ..........................................................................................115
3.5.2 Audience survey ......................................................................................................116
3.5.3 Partner interviews ..................................................................................................117
3.6 Development of analytical models............................................................................ 118
3.6.1 Technology adoption models .............................................................................. 118
3.6.2 Klein group model ................................................................................................. 123
3.7 Summary of methodology ........................................................................................... 125
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