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Astronomy<br />

such a chart are not acceptable as valid conclusions. When data were scarce,<br />

astrologers took what <strong>the</strong>y could get. That time is past if <strong>the</strong>y ever hope to gain a reputation<br />

for conducting legitimate studies. Astrological journals, schools, and teachers<br />

have a responsibility to <strong>the</strong> next generation of astrologers to set a standard in recording<br />

information. Astrology is making great strides in <strong>the</strong> early twentieth-first century;<br />

never before has <strong>the</strong>re been access to so much data or to computer-generated charts,<br />

and it is imperative that studies be built on a firm basis and employ empirical data.<br />

The Rodden classification of astrological data is a simple, effective system.<br />

Many astrologers in <strong>the</strong> United States and Europe use it or a similar coding system.<br />

The first four letters of <strong>the</strong> English alphabet are used:<br />

AA Accurate; recorded by <strong>the</strong> family or <strong>the</strong> state<br />

A Accurate probably; data from <strong>the</strong> person or family<br />

B Biography or autobiography<br />

C Caution; no source of origin<br />

DD Dirty data; two or more quotes with none verified<br />

Data are <strong>the</strong> foundation of empirical study. Astrologers should insist on quality<br />

reference works and accurate data that include <strong>the</strong> date, place, time, time zone, longitude<br />

and latitude, source, and a designation of accuracy.<br />

—Lois M. Rodden<br />

ASTROLOGY<br />

Astrology is <strong>the</strong> science or study of <strong>the</strong> stars and originally encompassed both astronomy<br />

and what today is call <strong>astrology</strong>. The word is a combination of astron, Greek for “star,”<br />

and logos, a complex word originally meaning “speech” (in <strong>the</strong> sense of discourse).<br />

Astrology is discussed extensively in <strong>the</strong> introductory essay to this encyclopedia.<br />

ASTROMANCY<br />

Astromancy refers to a kind of astrological fortune-telling that views <strong>the</strong> stars as predicting<br />

an irrevocable destiny for <strong>the</strong> person having her or his fortune told. Modern<br />

astrologers tend to distance <strong>the</strong>mselves from this tradition of predicting specific<br />

events. Instead of predicting events, most contemporary astrologers describe upcoming<br />

planetary conditions, with <strong>the</strong> understanding that clients have <strong>the</strong> free will to<br />

respond to planetary influences in different ways. Like meteorologists, astrologers can<br />

only predict trends and probabilities—not details.<br />

ASTRONOMY<br />

Astronomy is <strong>the</strong> branch of natural science that studies <strong>the</strong> celestial bodies. The word<br />

is a combination of astron, Greek for “star,” and nomos, Greek for “law.” Astrology was<br />

formerly part of astronomy, with astrological determinations being viewed as a “practical<br />

application” of astronomical knowledge. Prior to <strong>the</strong> modern period, all of <strong>the</strong><br />

THE ASTROLOGY BOOK<br />

[73]

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