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Aquinas, Thomas<br />

else missed. Being “hot,” you react to things quickly: by expressing your<br />

anger strongly and immediately, you don’t tend to harbor a grudge.<br />

This is <strong>the</strong> temperament type that is considered <strong>the</strong> most ideal, because<br />

you are <strong>the</strong> most comfortable within a social situation. You appear<br />

warm and friendly to o<strong>the</strong>rs, and don’t seem too eager to hold <strong>the</strong>m to<br />

an impossible standard.<br />

You are fixed, which means you are strong-willed and stubborn. You<br />

will want to hang onto people and things long after <strong>the</strong>y have ceased to<br />

be useful to you. (Courtesy of J. Lee Lehman, Ph.D. (copyright 1998)<br />

[http://www.leelehman.com].)<br />

Readers interested in examining interpretations for <strong>the</strong>ir Chinese astrological<br />

sign should refer to <strong>the</strong> relevant entry. A guide for determining one’s sign in <strong>the</strong> Chinese<br />

system is provided in <strong>the</strong> entry on <strong>the</strong> Chinese zodiac.<br />

Sources:<br />

Cochrane, David. Astrology for <strong>the</strong> 21st Century. Gainesville, FL: Cosmic Patterns, 2002.<br />

Forrest, Steven. The Inner Sky: How to Make Wiser Choices for a More Fulfilling Life. 4th ed. San<br />

Diego: ACS Publications, 1989.<br />

Green, Landis Knight. The Astrologer’s Manual: Modern Insights into an Ancient Art. Sebastopol,<br />

CA: CRCS Publications, 1975.<br />

Hall, Manly P. Astrological Keywords. New York, Philosophical Library, 1958. Reprint, Savage,<br />

MD: Littlefield Adams Quality Paperbacks, 1975.<br />

Lehman, J. Lee. Classical Astrology for Modern Living: From Ptolemy to Psychology & Back Again.<br />

Atglen, PA: Whitford Press, 1996.<br />

Lewi, Grant. Astrology for <strong>the</strong> Millions. 5th rev. ed. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn, 1978.<br />

———. Heaven Knows What. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1935. Reprint, St.<br />

Paul, MN: Llewellyn, 1995.<br />

Star, Gloria. Astrology: Woman to Woman. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn, 1999.<br />

———. Astrology & Your Child: A Hand<strong>book</strong> for Parents. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn, 2001.<br />

AQUINAS, THOMAS<br />

Thomas Aquinas was a famous thirteenth-century Italian scholar-philosopher and <strong>the</strong><br />

official <strong>the</strong>ologian of <strong>the</strong> Catholic Church. Although not an astrologer, he made some<br />

very influential assertions about <strong>the</strong> science of <strong>the</strong> stars. While he acknowledged planetary<br />

influence, Aquinas was also concerned to reconcile <strong>the</strong> apparent determinism of<br />

<strong>astrology</strong> with free will.<br />

For example, Aquinas asserted that one could utilize powers of rationality to<br />

overcome such forces of determinism. The basis for this assertion was <strong>the</strong> distinction<br />

Christian philosophy drew between <strong>the</strong> immortal soul (governed by reason) and <strong>the</strong><br />

physical body (governed by sensual desire). As an artifact of this physical world, astrological<br />

forces could, according to Aquinas, affect <strong>the</strong> physical body. The soul, however,<br />

was beyond such forces. Individuals could thus exercise <strong>the</strong>ir reason and overcome<br />

planetary influences.<br />

People in groups, however, were ruled more by <strong>the</strong>ir passions than by reason.<br />

Thus, <strong>the</strong> actions of nations, cities, and o<strong>the</strong>r organizations—<strong>the</strong> sphere of mundane<br />

[38] THE ASTROLOGY BOOK

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