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Platic<br />

trial orbit), exert benefic (“good”) or malefic (“bad”) astrological influences, and so<br />

forth. (See <strong>the</strong> individual entries on <strong>the</strong> planets for more information.)<br />

Sources:<br />

Campion, Nicholas. The Practical Astrologer. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1987.<br />

DeVore, Nicholas. Encyclopedia of Astrology. New York: Philosophical Library, 1949.<br />

McEvers, Joan. Planets: The Astrological Tools. Saint Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications, 1989.<br />

PLATIC<br />

Astrologers allow individual aspects a particular orb of influence within which <strong>the</strong>y<br />

are regarded as having an effect. Nonexact aspects are referred to as platic aspects and<br />

are considered to have a weaker influence than partile (exact) aspects.<br />

PLATO<br />

Plato, <strong>the</strong> most famous of all Greek philosophers, lived in A<strong>the</strong>ns from approximately<br />

427 B.C.E. to 347 B.C.E. Although some sources have claimed that Plato lived for a<br />

period in Egypt and studied <strong>astrology</strong>, this is not reflected in his writings. Plato’s significance<br />

for <strong>astrology</strong> is that directly through his own surviving works and indirectly<br />

through <strong>the</strong> Neoplatonic tradition, he was <strong>the</strong> most influential advocate of <strong>the</strong> idea<br />

that <strong>the</strong> human being is a miniature version (microcosm) of <strong>the</strong> larger universe<br />

(macrocosm). The microcosm and <strong>the</strong> macrocosm are linked by—and affect each<br />

o<strong>the</strong>r through—certain correlations. This notion is basic to ancient <strong>astrology</strong>.<br />

PLOTINUS<br />

Plotinus, <strong>the</strong> greatest Roman neoplatonist, lived from approximately 205 to 270 C.E.<br />

He studied in Alexandria, Egypt, one of <strong>the</strong> centers of learning that preserved classical<br />

<strong>astrology</strong>, magic, and medicine (Alexandrian neoplatonists were responsible for <strong>the</strong><br />

survival of astrological science in <strong>the</strong> West). Plotinus accepted <strong>astrology</strong> but was<br />

opposed to a deterministic view of planetary influence. Like Plato (from whom <strong>the</strong><br />

term neoplatonism is derived), Plotinus is not important for any direct contribution to<br />

<strong>astrology</strong> but for <strong>the</strong> elaboration and propagation of <strong>the</strong> Pythagorean view that <strong>the</strong><br />

individual human being is linked to <strong>the</strong> greater cosmos through a system of correlations—a<br />

view that is a foundation stone of ancient astrological <strong>the</strong>ory.<br />

PLUTO<br />

Pluto is <strong>the</strong> far<strong>the</strong>st known planet from <strong>the</strong> Sun and by far <strong>the</strong> smallest with a diameter<br />

of 1,444 miles and a mass only 2 percent that of <strong>the</strong> Earth. Pluto completes an orbit of<br />

<strong>the</strong> Sun every 247.69 years, meaning that it spends more than 20 years in each sign of<br />

<strong>the</strong> zodiac. Thus, an entire generation is born while Pluto is transiting each sign.<br />

The existence of a ninth planet was suspected when astronomers detected a<br />

gravitational affect on <strong>the</strong> orbit of Neptune. Percival Lowell, an American astronomer,<br />

built a private observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, called Lowell Observatory in order to<br />

[538] THE ASTROLOGY BOOK

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