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Partridge, John<br />

ed as having an influence. (On <strong>the</strong> basis of <strong>the</strong> particular aspect and planets involved,<br />

astrologers allow aspects a larger or smaller orb of influence, within which <strong>the</strong>y are<br />

regarded as having an effect.) Exact aspects are referred to as partile aspects and are<br />

considered to have a stronger influence than platic (nonexact) aspects.<br />

PARTRIDGE, JOHN<br />

John Partridge, born January 18, 1643, in East Sheen, London, England, was an influential<br />

astrologer and producer of almanacs. Apprenticed to a shoemaker, he acquired<br />

enough <strong>book</strong>s to teach himself Greek, Latin, and Hebrew. He may have studied with<br />

<strong>the</strong> astrologer John Gadbury and seems to have given up making shoes when his first<br />

publication was issued about 1678. Partridge’s first major work, Mikropanastron, was<br />

published <strong>the</strong> next year. In 1680, he started issuing an almanac entitled Merlinus Liberatus.<br />

He left England for political reasons in 1685 and studied medicine in Leyden,<br />

Holland, for <strong>the</strong> next four years. Partridge returned to his native country after receiving<br />

his medical degree and married a well-to-do widow. He also resumed his astrological<br />

publishing activities.<br />

Partridge came to prefer <strong>the</strong> Placidian house system, a choice evident in his<br />

final major works, including <strong>the</strong> Opus Reformatum (1693) and <strong>the</strong> Defectio Geniturarum<br />

(1697), both highly technical analyses of primary directions in sample horoscopes.<br />

By 1700, he was <strong>the</strong> most prominent astrologer in Britain. His almanac was so<br />

popular that o<strong>the</strong>r people began to publish almanacs in his name.<br />

Partridge is best remembered for his role in promoting <strong>the</strong> Placidian system<br />

and for an incident involving <strong>the</strong> famous author and social critic Jonathan Swift<br />

(1667–1745). Under <strong>the</strong> pseudonym Isaac Bickerstaff, Swift published a bogus<br />

almanac containing a prediction of Partridge’s death on March 29, 1708. Swift issued<br />

ano<strong>the</strong>r small tract on March 30, 1708, in which he, as Bickerstaff, claimed that his<br />

prediction was correct and gave <strong>the</strong> particulars of Partridge’s supposed death. The<br />

trick was believed, and Partridge had difficulty convincing o<strong>the</strong>rs that he was still<br />

alive. He curtailed his almanac for <strong>the</strong> next four years. When it was reissued, he<br />

included some pointed reflections on Swift’s character. Partridge died on June 24,<br />

1715, in Mortlake, London.<br />

Sources:<br />

Holden, James H., and Robert A. Hughes. Astrological Pioneers of America. Tempe, AZ:<br />

American Federation of Astrologers, 1988.<br />

Partridge, John. Defectio genitvrarvm. London: B. Tooke, 1697.<br />

———. Mikropanastron, or an Astrological Vade Mecum.… London, 1679.<br />

———. Nebulo Anglicanus, or <strong>the</strong> First Part of <strong>the</strong> Black Life of John Gadbury.… London, 1693.<br />

———. Opus Reformatum, or a Treatise of Astrology in which <strong>the</strong> Common Errors of That Art are<br />

Modestly Exposed and Rejected.… London, 1693.<br />

PATIENTIA<br />

Patientia, asteroid 451 (<strong>the</strong> 451st asteroid to be discovered, on December 4, 1899), is<br />

approximately 280 kilometers in diameter and has an orbital period of 5.4 years. Its<br />

[516] THE ASTROLOGY BOOK

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