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Logarithms<br />

conversion (astrologers’ atlases, such as Longitudes and Latitudes in <strong>the</strong> U. S.) have been<br />

published by people who have made <strong>the</strong> necessary calculations for most large and medium-size<br />

cities, thus saving <strong>the</strong> astrologer a step in <strong>the</strong> calculations necessary to set up a<br />

chart. The personal computer revolution has largely eliminated <strong>the</strong> need for such<br />

tables, as such calculations have been incorporated into chart-casting programs.<br />

Sources:<br />

Dernay, Eugene. Longitudes and Latitudes in <strong>the</strong> U.S. Washington, DC: American Federation of<br />

Astrologers, 1945.<br />

DeVore, Nicholas. Encyclopedia of Astrology. New York: Philosophical Library, 1947.<br />

Filbey, John, and Peter Filbey. The Astrologer’s Companion. Wellingborough, Northamptonshire,<br />

UK: Aquarian Press, 1986.<br />

LOGARITHMS<br />

Logarithms, which most schoolchildren are taught but promptly forget, were invented<br />

in 1614 to assist in astrological calculations. They constitute <strong>the</strong> most tedious part of<br />

traditional astrological ma<strong>the</strong>matics and have been superseded by <strong>the</strong> computer.<br />

LONGITUDE<br />

Longitude (properly called terrestrial longitude) refers to <strong>the</strong> distance of a given location<br />

east or west of 0° longitude (which runs through Greenwich, England, where <strong>the</strong><br />

system of latitudes and longitudes was worked out in its present form). The expression<br />

“celestial longitude” refers to <strong>the</strong> angular distance (distance measured in degrees and<br />

minutes of an arc) that a planet or o<strong>the</strong>r celestial body is located east of 0° Aries. The<br />

numbers beside planets in a horoscope, which express <strong>the</strong>ir position in terms of a certain<br />

number of degrees and minutes of a particular sign, are celestial longitudes.<br />

LORD<br />

Lord is an older term for ruler, as in “Mars is <strong>the</strong> lord (ruler) of Aries.” In <strong>the</strong> case of <strong>the</strong><br />

Moon and Venus, traditionally regarded as feminine, <strong>the</strong> proper term was “lady.” Many<br />

astrologers want to retain this term but reserve its use for <strong>the</strong> ruler of a house. Thus, for<br />

example, in a horoscope in which Aries is on <strong>the</strong> cusp (beginning) of <strong>the</strong> third house,<br />

Mars would be <strong>the</strong> ruler of Aries and <strong>the</strong> lord of <strong>the</strong> third house. Most contemporary<br />

astrologers have dropped <strong>the</strong> term lord and use <strong>the</strong> term ruler for both relationships.<br />

One finds <strong>the</strong> same distinction between sign and house rulership/lordship in Vedic<br />

<strong>astrology</strong>, where this notion is central to <strong>the</strong> correct interpretation of a chart.<br />

LUCIFER<br />

Lucifer, asteroid 1,930 (<strong>the</strong> 1,930th asteroid to be discovered, on October 29, 1964), is<br />

approximately 21 kilometers in diameter and has an orbital period of 4.9 years. Lucifer<br />

was named after <strong>the</strong> fallen angel of light who became <strong>the</strong> devil in Western religions. J.<br />

[416] THE ASTROLOGY BOOK

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