North Korean House of Cards

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Under Kim Jong-un, the relationship between these two parts of the Supreme Leader’s apparatus is reportedly not as close. This is largely due to the fact that the Control Tower role was, until recently, not included in the Supreme Leader’s portfolio. Kim Jong-il allowed his son full latitude to develop his own Personnel Secretariat, which is composed of individuals close to the young leader, such as Kim family members and cadre hand chosen by Kim Jong-un. The makeup of the SOCC, on the other hand, is populated by officials from the Kim Jong-il era. Chart 1: Supreme Leader’s Personal Apparatus NDC Secretariat Supreme Leader Personal Secretariat Protocol Office Office of Military Liaison Officers Office of Military Officers Office of Adjutants (Office No. 6) Assistant for Intelligence Assistant for Military Strategy No. 15 Documents Office Office of Cadres General Bureau 73 Policy Communications Secretarial Office of the Central Committee Main Office of Secretaries Consolidation Division Office No. 120 KWP General Office Central Committee Apparatus Office 38 KWP Offices 39/36 Third Floor Secretary for Policies Secretary for Government Organs Secretary for Heavy Industry Secretary for Light Industry Secretary for Local Industry Secretary for Military, Judiciary, Security Organs Secretary for Education, Culture, Arts Secretary for Second Economy Secretary for External Projects Secretary for Agriculture Secretary for Economic Affairs Existence is not verified Ken E. Gause 161
a. Personal Secretariat Personnel and Structure According to several sources, Kim Sol-song, Kim Jong-un’s half-sister, leads his Personal Secretariat. 345, 346 By many accounts, Kim Sol-song was Kim Jong-il’s favorite child. She was the first of two daughters born to Kim Jong-il and his second wife, Kim Yong-suk, and the only grandchild apparently recognized by Kim Il-sung. Kim Jong-il mentioned Kim Sol-song in his last will and testament, noting that she “should be supported as a caretaker of Jong-un.” 347 Kim Sol-song, at age 41, has extensive experience working inside the Party and state apparatus. She was born in 1974 and began work in Kim Il-sung’s Presidential Office in her teens. She moved to the KWP PAD, where she worked with one of her father’s closest associates, Kim Ki-nam. In the late 1990s, she moved into her father’s Personal Secretariat, as a department head and Chief of Office 99, 348 which had responsibility for some of the more sensitive financial accounts and the acquisition and proliferation of technology. 349 In the 2000s, reports began to surface that Kim Sol-song had become one of her father’s closest aides. A multilingual speaker, she served as her father’s interpreter on several of his trips, including his 2002 trip to Russia. She is also rumored to be an officer in the GC and most likely had liaison responsibilities with this body in coordinating her father’s security. She allegedly is very close to her aunt, Kim Kyong-hui, as well as Kim Ok, 350 with whom she worked closely in Kim Jong-il’s Personal Secretariat. 345 Author’s interviews in Seoul, April 2013. According to one defector, Kim Sol-song is not the first Director of Kim Jong-un’s Personal Secretariat. There have been several directors as the institution has evolved. 346 Jeong Yong-Soo and Kim Hee-Jin, “Pyongyang Did China Business As It Purged Jang,” Korea JoongAng Daily, December 12, 2013; Michael Madden, “Biographies: Kim Chang-son,” North Korea Leadership Watch, May 14, 2013. According to one source, Kim Jong-un’s original Chief of Staff was Kim Jang-son. In January 2012, he formally replaced Jon Hui-jong, Director of the NDC Foreign Affairs Bureau, as the Supreme Leader’s Chief Protocol Officer and Kang Sang-chun as Director of the Personal Secretariat. This essentially created the firewall between the Personal Secretariat and SOCC, which were intertwined during Kang’s tenure as Kim Jong-il’s senior aide. 347 Kim Hee-Jin, “Before His Death, Kim Jong Il Wrote Instructions,” Korea JoongAng Daily, April 14, 2012. 348 Ken E. Gause, North Korea Under Kim Chong-il: Power, Politics, and Prospects for Change, op. cit. 349 “North Korea Creates New Front Company to Supply Iran With Nuclear Technology,” Moscow Times, April 27, 2010; “DPRK’s Office 99 Said to Have Played Central Role in Syrian Nuclear Project,” NHK General Television, April 25, 2008; Nicolas Levi, “A Big Day for the Elite Clans,” Daily NK, April 10, 2012. In more recent reports, Kim Sol-song was identified as a high-level bureaucrat in the KWP MID. 350 “Kim Jong-il’s Widow ‘Purged’,” The Chosun Ilbo, July 3, 2013. According to recent South Korean reporting, Kim Ok and her father Kim Hyo, a Deputy Director of the KWP FAD, have been dismissed from all their posts. It is not clear whether this was a purge or is tied to their health. Kim Hyo is in his 90s and his daughter allegedly tried to commit suicide following Kim Jong-il’s death. Kim Ok appeared at various leadership events during the mourning period and then disappeared from public view. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 162
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North Korean House of Cards Leaders
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Copyright © 2015 Committee for Hum
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Jack David Senior Fellow, Hudson In
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3. The Regent Structure............
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d. Ministry of People’s Security.
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II. PREFACE After his seminal 2012
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the reader that many are purged bec
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IV. ABOUT THIS STUDY There are nume
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VI. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Merriam-Webst
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ultimate decision maker and sole so
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humanity; in order to understand cr
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32. NIS: South Korean National Inte
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egent structure would begin to chan
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However, there is very little evide
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IX. SECTION ONE: NORTH KOREAN LEADE
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All Party members, military men, an
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Dressed in black, gloveless, and ba
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choreography of the transfer of pow
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suffered a stroke. 18, 19 A month l
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the GPB in the Kim Jong-il era, beg
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2009 from Chief of the GSD to Comma
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posting, Ri had been the Fifth Corp
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Days after Jang Jong-nam was identi
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4. Civil-Military Relations by Mid-
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above, especially the purge of Ri Y
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leaders include Choe Ryong-hae, Kim
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of the military. More than that of
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B. CHAPTER TWO: THE PURGE OF JANG S
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afforded Jang the opportunity to me
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and merged into the RGB as Bureaus
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to as the éminence grise, who was
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a. Kim Jong-il’s Will In 2012, de
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A second rumor suggests that Jang
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KWP OGD, and the SSD, to construct
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ut his pleas went unanswered. At th
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eferred to him as an “unparallele
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out of the picture, 163 the connect
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ankings in October 2013 and then fe
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Jong-il, such as Ri Su-yong (Ri Cho
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ones, lowering the average age of t
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the regime. Throughout 2013, Choe a
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4. Kim Jong-un and the Wider Leader
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Armed Forces, 202 had been executed
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Solso
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Songn
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Table 2: Second Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position(s) Comments Miltary/
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Name Position(s) Comments General K
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Table 3: Third Echelon of Power Nam
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Name Position(s) Comments Ju Kyucha
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Name Position(s) Comments General P
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Name Position(s) Comments Ro Tu-cho
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Table 4: Fourth Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Hong Yongchi
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Name Position Comments Jo Thae-san
Page 119 and 120: Name Position Comments Government R
Page 121 and 122: Name Position Comments Kim Choljin
Page 123 and 124: Name Relation Comments Ri Il-hyok K
Page 125 and 126: Name Relation Comments Cha Cholma S
Page 127 and 128: While there is debate within the co
Page 129 and 130: • The Royal Economy. This chapter
Page 131 and 132: within the leadership in the mid-19
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Page 135 and 136: The Tenth SPA convened in Pyongyang
Page 137 and 138: system of socialism.” 273 For man
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Page 141 and 142: Image 11: Kim Jong-il’s signature
Page 143 and 144: Image 13: National Security meeting
Page 145 and 146: Image 15: A March 13, 2013 military
Page 147 and 148: . Kim Jong-un’s Role as Decision
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Page 159 and 160: Fully assuming the role of Supreme
Page 161 and 162: As the guidance in Kim Jong-il’s
Page 163 and 164: 1. The Personal Secretariat under K
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Page 173 and 174: In 2013, South Korean media reports
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Page 177 and 178: . Secretarial Office of the Central
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Page 181 and 182: administrative. Kim Jong-il, a more
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Page 185 and 186: C. CHAPTER SIX: THE ROYAL ECONOMY
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Page 189 and 190: Following the creation of Office 39
Page 191 and 192: The Early European Connection In th
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Page 211 and 212: Jang’s Channel to China The Korea
Page 213 and 214: Chart 10: Jang’s Channel into the
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• The KWP Administrative Departme
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• Tourism represents a growing so
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Chart 12: Jang’s Tapping into Mil
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In addition to these reforms, Kim J
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Despite the regime’s efforts to s
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Night of the Long Knives. Saddam Hu
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In the months following the Party c
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According to South Korean sources,
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In April 2012, the regime made a nu
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National Security Meeting, January
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focus of the meeting was tied to lo
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of the GC escorted Jang from the ha
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as it related to the KWP Administra
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it became more difficult for trader
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Name Post Relationship to the OGD M
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Star.” 545 His elevation in North
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the command and control structure o
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the connections between the larger
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i. Structure The headquarters of th
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Chart 18: Organizational Chart of t
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Pyongyang Anti-Aircraft Artillery C
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Palace of the Sun, which holds the
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ii. Cordon of Security: Relationshi
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iii. Role in the Regime It is assum
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assume the role of political office
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• The Eighth Bureau (Border Secur
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d. Ministry of People’s Security
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chain of command and is responsible
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olstering internal security. Provin
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associate, these fortunes began to
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offices: the Cadre Department, the
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Jo Kyong-chol seated at the far lef
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XI. CONCLUSION To commemorate the 1
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Others see a ruthless regime that i
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it remains to be seen whether this
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continues to create the image of a
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had been executed by anti-aircraft
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• General Ri Yong-gil (60) has be
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2. Party • Kang Sok-ju (76) has b
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• Kim Song-nam (62) is an alterna
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domestic and social issues .668 He
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may occasionally be able to reach o
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Committee list.At the Third Session
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1970s, 692 but his career was resur
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Vice Chairman of the NDC, O Kuk-ryo
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of communication to Kim Jong-un lik
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• Ju Kyu-chang (87) has been an a
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General Pak as his successor withou
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as the “Storm Corps.” He first
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present for Kim Jong-un’s guidanc
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senior leadership are evident in hi
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on debt settlement issues with Russ
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Date Visit Gift (as described in No
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Date Visit Gift (as described in No
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XIV. APPENDIX C: NORTH KOREAN MILIT
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Insignia Title/Name 소좌 (So-jwa)
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B. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY NAVAL FOR
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Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
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C. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY AIR FORCE
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Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
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XV. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Books and Journ
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54. Cathcart, Adam. “Thrice-Curse
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117. “Is Kim Jong Un Playing Musi
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191. Lee, Gyo-Gwan. “Kim Jong-il
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264. “North Korea’s Kim Jong-un
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Committee for Human Rights in North
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